基于RNA实时荧光恒温扩增技术(SAT)分析浦江镇地区因社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院儿童的肺炎支原体感染现状与流行病学特点，为临床早期诊断和合理治疗提供理论依据。

选取2018年7月至2019年6月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院南院住院治疗的967例CAP患儿为研究对象，采用SAT技术检测MP-RNA，统计分析不同性别、年龄以及发病季节患儿间MP感染阳性率的差异。

967例患儿中，MP-RNA检出阳性252例(26.06%)，男性患儿MP感染阳性率为24.20%，女性患儿为28.34%，差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.126，P>0.05)。MP感染见于各年龄组住院儿童，不同年龄组MP感染阳性率分别为：婴幼儿组(0～3岁)9.56%，学龄前期组(>3～6岁)28.61%，学龄期组(>6岁) 64.97%，各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ²＝185.266，P<0.05)，MP阳性率随着年龄的增大逐渐升高。MP感染全年可见，春(3～5月)、夏(6～8月)、秋(9～11月)、冬(12～2月)四季MP感染阳性率分别为31.82%、31.96%、22.94%和21.28%，不同季节间MP感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²＝11.825，P<0.05)。春夏季MP阳性率显著高于秋冬季(χ²＝11.620，P<0.05)。

上海浦江镇地区因CAP住院儿童MP感染与患病年龄及发病季节有关，不同性别之间无显著差异。MP感染可发生于各个年龄段的儿童，以学龄前及学龄儿童多见，MP感染阳性率随着年龄的增大逐渐升高。MP感染全年可见，以春季、夏季为高发季节。

To analyze the present situation and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Pujiang Town of Shanghai city based on simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) technique, so as to provide theoretical bases for clinical early diagnosis and rational treatment.

A total of 967 children with CAP admitted to the South Campus of Renji Hospital affiliated to the School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University from July 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study. MP-RNA was tested with SAT technique, and the positive rate of MP infection in the different genders, ages and seasons were analyzed.

Among the 967 children, 252 cases (26.06%) were positive for MP-RNA, and the positive rates of MP infection were 24.20% in the male patients and 28.34% in the females ones, with no statistical significant difference between the males and females (χ²=2.126, P>0.05). MP infection was found in the hospitalized children of all the age groups. The positive rates of MP infection were 9.56% in the infant group (0-3 years old), 28.61% in the pre-school group (3-6 years old), and 64.97% in the school-age group (>6 years old), respectively, which showed a significant difference among the age groups (χ²=185.266, P<0.05). And the positive rate of MP infection increased with age′s increasing. MP infection was found throughout the year. The positive rates of MP infection were 31.82% in spring (3-5 months), 31.96% in summer (6-8 months), 22.94% in autumn (9-11 months), and 21.28% in winter (12-2 months). Significant differences were found among different seasons (χ²=11.825, P<0.05). The positive rates of MP in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter (χ²=11.620, P<0.05).

MP infection in the hospitalized children with CAP in Pujiang Town of Shanghai city is related to the age and season. No obvious difference was found between different genders. MP infection can occur in the children of all ages, and is more common in the pre-school and school-age children. The positive rate of MP infection increased with age′s increasing. MP infection occurs in the whole year and peaks in spring and summer.