分析广州地区不同非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)与其所致肺病的临床特征。

选择2016年1月至2020年12月广州地区的112例NTM肺病患者，分析NTM患者的症状、影像学特征及易感因素。

112例NTM肺病患者中，男性年龄>50岁占78.7%(48/61)，女性年龄>50岁占84.3%(43/51)，NTM感染与患者年龄高度相关(r＝0.16，P＝0.018)。胞内分枝杆菌80例(71.4%)。男性患者更易出现咳嗽症状(48/61)(χ²＝3.27，P＝0.03)，而女性患者更易出现咯血症状(14/51)(χ²＝5.39，P＝0.021)。年龄大的患者更易出现咯血(16/91)(r＝0.21，P＝0.015)，而年轻患者更易出现气短症状(10/21)(r＝0.17，P＝0.023)。NTM肺部疾病最常见的影像学特征是支气管扩张，占40.2%(45/112)，肺部结节占36.6%(41/112)，多发空洞38.4%(43/112)。NTM感染最常见的易患因素为MTB，占66.1%(74/112)；其次为支气管扩张占25.0%(28/112)，合并COPD占17.9%(20/112)。与女性患者相比，男性患者更易合并COPD(OR＝5.23，95%CI 5.20~72.60)；胞内分枝杆菌感染更易合并支气管扩张(OR＝0.13，95%CI 0.09~0.86)。

广州地区NTM感染最常见的病原体是胞内分枝杆菌。NTM感染与患者年龄相关，最常见的影像学表现是支气管扩张、结节影及多发性空洞。MTB感染及器官移植是NTM感染的高危因素。

To analyze the clinical characteristic relevance between different non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and NTM related pulmonary diseases (NTM-PD) in Guangzhou.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 112 NTM-PD patients in Guangzhou from January 2016 to December 2020, analyzing the symptom, radiological characteristic, and risk factor of all NTM-PD patients.

In all 112 NTM-PD patients, the age of 78.7% (48/61) male patients and 84.3% (43/51) female patients was over 50. NTM infection was also highly related with the age of patient (r=0.16, P=0.018). 71.4% (80) patients were infected with M. intracellulare in all 112 NTM-PD patients. Male patients (61) were more likely to have cough (48) (χ²=3.27, P=0.03), but female patients (51) were more likely to have hemoptysis (14) (χ²=5.39, P=0.021). The older patients (91) were more likely to have hemoptysis (16) (r=0.21, P=0.015) , but the younger patients (21) were more likely to have shortness of breath (10) (r=0.17, P=0.023). The most common radiological presentation of NTM-PD was bronchiectasis 40.2% (45/112), pulmonary nodule 36.6% (41/112), multiple cavities 38.4% (43/112). The most common risk factor of NTM infection was tuberculosis 66.1% (74/112), bronchiectasis 25.0% (28/112), COPD 17.9% (20/112). Compared with female patients, male patients were more likely to have COPD (OR=5.23, 95%CI 5.20~72.60). The patients infected with M. intracellulare were more likely to have bronchiectasis (OR=0.13, 95%CI 0.09~0.86).

The most common pathogenic NTM species was M. intracellulare in Guangzhou. NTM infection was highly related with the age of patient. The most common radiological presentation of NTM-PD was bronchiectasis, pulmonary nodule, and multiple cavities. Tuberculosis infection and organ transplantation were also high risk factor of NTM infection.