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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (01) : 104 -109. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.01.017

论著

难治性自发性气胸手术结局及复发风险分析
王利江1, 程曼曼1, 姜波1, 张友文1, 魏海翔2, 韩晓1,   
  1. 1. 272000 济宁,济宁医学院附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    2. 272000 济宁,济宁医学院附属医院胸外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29 出版日期:2025-02-25
  • 通信作者: 韩晓
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(82400034)

Analysis of surgical outcomes and recurrence risk of refractory spontaneous pneumothorax in patients

Lijian Wang1, Manman Cheng1, Bo Jiang1, Youwen Zhang1, Haixiang Wei2, Xiao Han1,   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining 272000, China
    2. Department of Cerebral Surgery, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining 272000, China
  • Received:2024-10-29 Published:2025-02-25
  • Corresponding author: Xiao Han
引用本文:

王利江, 程曼曼, 姜波, 张友文, 魏海翔, 韩晓. 难治性自发性气胸手术结局及复发风险分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(01): 104-109.

Lijian Wang, Manman Cheng, Bo Jiang, Youwen Zhang, Haixiang Wei, Xiao Han. Analysis of surgical outcomes and recurrence risk of refractory spontaneous pneumothorax in patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(01): 104-109.

目的

分析难治性自发性气胸(spontaneous pneumothorax)手术结局及复发的影响因素。

方法

选择2014 年1 月1 日至2023 年7 月28 日我院收治的经手术治疗难治性难治性自发性气胸患者71 例为对象。 手术适应症包括同侧难治性自发性气胸发生>2 次,胸部气体量≥30%或长期漏气难愈合。 采用外科手术微创电视辅助胸腔镜手术或开胸手术、胸膜固定术或胸腔镜下氩气刀(argon plasma coagulation,APC)。 采用Cox 回归分析预测难治性自发性气胸术后预后。 采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、列线图和校准曲线判断对难治性自发性气胸的预测。

结果

患者围手术期无死亡。 持续漏气≥2 d 14 例(19.72%)。 术后并发症15 例(21.13%),包括严重并发症9 例(12.68%)。 中位复发时间为110.0(17.0~351.0)d,病情复发12 例(16.90%)。 单因素分析显示,术前查尔森共病指数(Charlson′s co-morbidity index,CCI)、发病至手术时间、重度胸腔黏连、术前血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值和术后平均住院时长与难治性自发性气胸复发相关(P<0.05)。 Cox 回归分析显示,术前CCI[HR(95%CI):1.235(1.057 ~1.443)]、发病至手术时间[HR(95%CI):1.041(1.008~1.076)]和Hb[HR(95%CI):0.976(0.960~0.992)]是术后气胸复发的影响因素(P<0.05)。 Cox 预测方程为h(t)=0.976×(-0.025×Hb)+1.235×(0.211×CCI)+1.041×(0.041×发病至手术时间),列线图显示,C-index 为0.874(95%CI:0.821~0.928),术前Hb 影响难治性自发性气胸复发;校准曲线显示,预测术后3 个月、6 个月及12 个月难治性自发性气胸复发偏差小。 ROC 曲线预测术后难治性自发性气胸复发3 个月AUC 95%CI:0.84(0.74~0.94)、6 个月AUC 95%CI:0.90(0.81~0.99)及12 个月AUC 95%CI:0.89(0.76~1.00)。

结论

Hb 低、发病至手术时间长及CCI 高是难治性难治性自发性气胸术后复发的危险因素。

Objective

To analyze the surgical outcomes and the recurrence risk of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients.

Methods

All of 71 patients with refractory spontaneous pneumothorax were selected as subjects from January 1,2014 to July 28,2023.Indications for surgery include ipilateral spontaneous pneumothorax >2 times,chest gas volume ≥30%,or chronic air leakage difficult to heal.Surgical procedures(minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or thoracotomy),pleuropexy,or thoracoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) were used.Cox regression analysis was used to predict the prognosis of spontaneous pneumothorax.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,nomogram and calibration curve were used to determine the prediction of spontaneous pneumothorax by Cox regression analysis.

Results

There was no death during or perioperative period.14 cases (19.72%) sustained air leakage ≥2 d.Postoperative complications occurred in 15 cases (21.13%),including severe complications in 9 cases (12.68%).The median recurrence time was 110.0(17.0~351.0)days,and 12 cases (16.90%) relapsed.Single-factor analysis showed Charlson′s co-morbidity index (CCI),morbidity to surgery,severe thoracic morbidity,hemoglobin (Hb)before surgery,lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and mean length of hospital stay were associated with spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence (P<0.05).Cox analysis results showed that preoperative CCI [HR(95%CI) : 1.235 (1.057-1.443)],time from onset to operation [HR (95%CI) : 1.041 (1.008-1.076)] and Hb[HR(95%CI): 0.976(0.960-0.992)] was the influential factor of postoperative pneumothorax recurrence (P <0.05).The Cox prediction equation was h(t) =0.976×(-0.025×Hb) +1.235× (0.211×CCI) +1.041× (0.041× time from onset to operation),and the column graph showed that C-index was 0.874 (95%CI: 0.821-0.928),Hb had a significant effect on spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence.Calibration curves showed that there was little deviation in predicting spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence at 3,6 and 12 months after surgery.The ROC curve predicted spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence at 3 months AUC 95%CI: 0.84 (0.74-0.94),6 months AUC 95%CI: 0.90 (0.81-0.99) and 12 months AUC 95%CI: 0.89 (0.76-1.00).

Conclusion

Low Hb,long time from onset to operation and high CCI are risk factors for postoperative recurrence of refractory spontaneous pneumothorax.

表1 难治性自发性气胸患者临床资料结果比较[n(%),M(M25,M75)]
临床资料 复发( =12) 未复发( =59) /χ
受累肺侧 - 0.750
 左 4(33.33) 25(42.37)
 右 8(66.67) 34(57.63)
ADL 分级 1.211 0.546
 0 7(58.33) 43(72.88)
 1 2(16.67) 8(13.56)
 2 3(25.00) 8(13.56)
既往SP 病史 2(16.67) 14(23.73) - 0.722
术前CCI 3.50 2.00 -3.822 0.000
SP 类型 (2.00,6.00) (1.00,3.00) - 0.581
 PSP 0(0.00) 6(10.17)
 SSP 12(100.00) 53(89.83)
肺大疱 7(58.33) 34(57.63) - 1.000
术前血液指标
 Hb(g/ L) 125.00(114.00,133.00) 144.00(134.00,154.25) -5.263 0.000
 PLT(×10 / L) 151.50(114.75,189.00) 132.00(92.00,195.00) -1.870 0.092
 WBC (×10 / L) 6.29(5.21,7.25) 6.20(5.29,7.05) -0.414 0.679
 Neu(×10 / L) 3.95(3.22,4.55) 3.71(3.14,4.61) -0.068 0.946
 LYM(×10 / L) 1.50(1.18,1.83) 1.79(1.40,2.25) -1.642 0.101
 Mono (×10 / L) 0.38(0.30,0.53) 0.36(0.28,0.45) -0.669 0.504
 EOS(×10 / L) 0.12(0.08,0.17) 0.13(0.07,0.19) -0.034 0.973
 LMR 4.62(3.58,7.82) 3.90(2.10,5.91) -2.493 0.013
表2 SP 患者手术治疗结果[n(%),M(M25,M75),(±s)]
表3 Cox 回归分析难治性自发性气胸术后复发影响因素
图1 难治性自发性气胸复发影响因素列线图 注:Points 为分数; Preoperative Hb 为术前血红蛋白;Preoperative CCI 为术前查尔森共病指数;Time from onset to surgery 为从发病到手术的时间;Total points 为总分数;Linear Predictor 为线性预测器;Probability of 3 months 为术后3 个月预测概率;Probability of 6 months 为术后6 个月预测概率;Probability of 12 months 为术后12 个月预测概率
图2 预测术后3 个月、6 个月及12 个月难治性自发性气胸复发的校准曲线图 注:observed 为观察值;Nomogram-predicted 为预测列线图;Probability of 3 months 为术后3 个月预测概率;Probability of 6 months为术后6 个月预测概率;Probability of 12 months 为术后12 个月预测概率
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