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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版)

中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 752 -759. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2026.05.006

论著

精准肺康复训练联合无创通气对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病预后的影响研究
陈倩1, 葛淑华1,†(), 郝晓梅2, 雷精梅3, 席睿4, 吉新凤1, 朱海荣1, 庞丹1, 赵颖1, 吴阿晨1, 韩婷1   
  1. 1710032　西安，空军军医大学第一附属医院呼吸内科
    2710032　西安，空军军医大学第一附属医院神经内科
    3710077　西安，西安医学院第一附属医院骨三科
    4710032　西安，空军军医大学第一附属医院心外科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-21 出版日期:2026-10-25
  • 通信作者: 葛淑华
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-GHYB-12)

Study on the impact of precision pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with non-invasive ventilation on the prognosis of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Qian Chen1, Shuhua Ge1,†(), Xiaomei Hao2, Jingmei Lei3, Rui Xi4, Xinfeng Ji1, Hairong Zhu1, Dan Pang1, Ying Zhao1, Achen Wu1, Ting Han1   

  1. 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an 710032
    2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an 710032
    3Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical University, Xi′an 710077
    4Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an 710032
  • Received:2026-04-21 Published:2026-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Shuhua Ge
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陈倩, 葛淑华, 郝晓梅, 雷精梅, 席睿, 吉新凤, 朱海荣, 庞丹, 赵颖, 吴阿晨, 韩婷. 精准肺康复训练联合无创通气对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病预后的影响研究[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(05): 752-759.

Qian Chen, Shuhua Ge, Xiaomei Hao, Jingmei Lei, Rui Xi, Xinfeng Ji, Hairong Zhu, Dan Pang, Ying Zhao, Achen Wu, Ting Han. Study on the impact of precision pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with non-invasive ventilation on the prognosis of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(05): 752-759.

目的

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者肺功能进行性下降，活动耐力减退，易反复急性加重，单纯无创通气难以改善骨骼肌功能及长期生活质量。探讨精准肺康复训练联合无创通气(non-invasive ventilation, NIV)对老年COPD患者预后的临床效果，明确该联合方案在老年COPD中的应用价值，探索个体化肺康复模式，为优化老年COPD综合管理、减少再入院、改善患者生活质量提供临床参考依据。

方法

选择2023年7月1日至2025年6月30日我院收治的138例老年COPD患者，随机分为对照组68例和观察组70例。记录两组治疗前(H0)及治疗5 d(H1)、30 d(H2)、90 d(H3)肺功能、呼吸频率、运动耐力、实验室指标、生活质量相关量表及心理健康量表。

结果

观察组第一秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in the first second, FEV1)百分比(11.00% vs. 9.00%，P＝0.009)、FEV1/用力肺活量(forced vital capacity ratio, FVC)(9.00% 比 5.00%，P<0.001)、呼吸频率(－7.00次/min 比 －4.00次/min，P<0.001)、6分钟步行距离(6-minute walking distance, 6MWD)(P<0.001)、Borg评分(P<0.001)、改良英国医学研究会呼吸困难医学量表评分(modified medical research council, mMRC)(P<0.001)、体质量指数-梗阻-呼吸困难-运动指数(body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise, BODE)(－2.10分 比 －1.20分，P<0.001)、慢性阻塞性肺病评估试验评分(COPD assessment test, CAT)(－9.00分 比 －4.00分，P<0.001)、Epworth嗜睡评分(－9.00分 比－5.00分，P<0.001)、睡眠呼吸暂停临床评分(sleep apnea clinical score, SACS)(－7.00分 比 －4.00分，P<0.001)改善优于对照组；H1~H3时，观察组降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、动脉二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2)下降幅度及动脉氧分压(arterial oxygen pressure, PaO2)上升幅度大于对照组，组别×时间相互作用显著(F＝42.208，413.330，81.261，P<0.001)。观察组H3时焦虑自评量表和老年抑郁量表评分低于对照组[(52.17±5.29) 比 (54.29±5.90)分，P＝0.028；(7.55±2.79)分 比 (10.64±3.34)分，P<0.001)]。

结论

精准肺康复训练联合NIV可改善老年COPD患者肺功能、生活质量及心理健康，具有临床意义。

关键词: 肺疾病，慢性阻塞性, 精准肺康复训练, 无创通气, 老年, 预后
Objective

In elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung function progressively declines, exercise tolerance decreases, and recurrent acute exacerbations are common. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) alone is difficult to improve skeletal muscle function and long-term quality of life. To investigate the clinical effects of precision pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on the prognosis of elderly patients with COPD, clarify the application value of this combined regimen in elderly COPD, and explore individualized pulmonary rehabilitation models, thereby providing a clinical reference for optimizing comprehensive management of elderly COPD, reducing readmissions, and improving patients′quality of life.

Methods

A total of 138 elderly patients with COPD admitted to our hospital from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2025, were selected and randomly divided into a control group 68 cases and an observation group 70 cases. Pulmonary function, respiratory rate, exercise endurance, laboratory indicators, quality of life-related scales, and mental health scales were recorded for both groups before treatment (H0) and at 5 days (H1), 30 days (H2), and 90 days (H3) of treatment.

Results

The observation group showed better improvements than the control group in the following parameters: forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) percentage (11.00% vs. 9.00%, P=0.009), FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (FVC) (9.00% vs. 5.00%, P<0.001), respiratory rate (-7.00 breaths/min vs. -4.00 breaths/min, P<0.001), 6-minute walking distance(6MWD) (P<0.001), Borg score(P<0.001), modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score(mMRC) (P<0.001), body mass index-obstruction-dyspnea-exercise index(BODE) (-2.10 points vs. -1.20 points, P<0.001), COPD assessment test score(CAT) (-9.00 points vs. -4.00 points, P<0.001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score(CAT)(-9.00 points vs. -5.00 points, P<0.001), and sleep apnea clinical score(SACS) (-7.00 points vs. -4.00 points, P<0.001). At H1-H3, the observation group exhibited greater reductions in procalcitonin(PCT) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2), as well as greater increases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2) compared with the control group, with significant group × time interaction effects (F=42.208, 413.330, 81.261, all P<0.001). At H3, the observation group′s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale scores were lower than those of the control group[ (52.17±5.29) vs. (54.29±5.90) points, P=0.028; (7.55±2.79) points vs. (10.64±3.34) points, P<0.001].

Conclusion

Precision pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with NIV can improve pulmonary function, quality of life, and mental health in elderly patients with COPD, and has clinical significance.

Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Precision pulmonary rehabilitation training, Non-invasive ventilation, Elderly, Prognosis
表1 两组COPD患者临床资料结果比较
临床资料 观察组(n＝70) 对照组(n＝68) t/Z/χ2值 P值
性别[n(%)]     0.870 0.351
男 58(82.86) 52(76.47)    
女 12(17.14) 16(23.53)    
年龄[岁，(±s)] 74.22±6.82 73.67±6.48 0.485 0.628
体质量指数[kg/m2，(±s)] 21.01±2.36 20.80±2.55 0.502 0.616
GOLD分级[n(%)]     0.133 0.716
Ⅲ级 65(92.86) 62(91.18)    
Ⅳ级 5(7.14) 6(8.82)    
吸烟指数[包年，M50(Q25，Q75)] 45.00(38.00，68.00) 43.00(30.00，58.00) －1.120 0.263
病程[年，M50(Q25，Q75)] 4.50(3.00，7.00) 4.50(2.50，7.50) －0.073 0.942
糖尿病史[n(%)] 27(38.57) 25(36.76) 0.048 0.827
高血压史[n(%)] 35(51.47) 30(42.86) 1.027 0.311
用药史[n(%)]        
LAMA 59(84.29) 60(88.24) 0.453 0.501
LABA 52(74.29) 54(79.41) 0.509 0.476
ICS 46(65.71) 47(69.12) 0.182 0.670
图1 COPD患者典型胸部CT图(肺窗，层厚5 mm)。图A为对照组治疗前示右肺肺气肿、支气管壁增厚及黏液栓；图B为对照组治疗90 d无明显改善；图C为观察组治疗前示双肺肺气肿，左肺支气管壁增厚及黏液栓；图D为观察组治疗90 d支气管壁增厚减轻、黏液栓完全吸收、管腔通畅度改善
表2 两组COPD患者治疗前后肺功能结果比较[M50(Q25，Q75)]
肺功能参数 观察组(n＝70) 对照组(n＝68) Z值 P值
FEV1%pred(%)        
H1 3.00(1.00，7.00) 5.00(2.00，10.00) －0.794 0.427
H2 9.00(5.00，13.00) 7.00(4.00，12.00) －2.039 0.041
H3 11.00(7.00，15.00) 9.00(6.00，14.00) －2.608 0.009
FEV1/FVC(%)        
H1 2.00(2.00，3.00) 1.00(1.00，2.00) －1.313 0.189
H2 5.00(5.00，6.00) 3.00(3.00，4.00) －8.540 0.001
H3 9.00(7.00，10.00) 5.00(4.00，5.00) －8.406 0.001
呼吸频率(次/min)        
H1 －2.00(－2.00，－1.00) －1.00(－1.00，－1.00) －1.533 0.125
H2 －4.00(－5.00，－4.00) －3.00(－3.00，－2.00) －7.747 0.001
H3 －7.00(－8.00，－7.00) －4.00(－4.00，－3.00) －8.487 0.001
表3 两组COPD患者运动耐力结果比较[M50(Q25，Q75)]
运动耐力参数 观察组(n＝70) 对照组(n＝68) Z值 P值
6MWD(m)        
H1 32.00(21.00，38.00) 21.00(16.00，26.00) －8.176 0.001
H2 79.07(49.89，110.46) 41.90(29.48，59.24) －9.509 0.001
H3 136.55(94.82，198.00) 89.26(58.05，109.67) －5.862 0.001
Borg评分(分)        
H1 －0.20(－0.20，－0.10) －0.10(－0.20，－0.10) －4.742 0.001
H2 －0.40(－0.40，－0.30) －0.20(－0.30，－0.20) －6.932 0.001
H3 －0.60(－0.80，－0.50) －0.30(－0.40，－0.20) －8.838 0.001
mMRC(分)        
H1 －0.30(－0.30，－0.20) －0.10(－0.20，－0.10) －9.215 0.001
H2 －0.50(－0.70，－0.50) －0.20(－0.30，－0.20) －9.528 0.001
H3 －0.90(－0.90，－0.60) －0.30(－0.40，－0.30) －8.850 0.001
表4 两组COPD患者炎症指标及血气分析结果比较[M50(Q25，Q75)]
实验室检查参　数 观察组(n＝70) 对照组(n＝68) Z值 P值
SII        
H1 －734.87(－762.44，－601.86) －745.14(－785.14，－695.14) －0.512 0.609
H2 －1 089.50(－1 144.44，－1 031.26) －1 135.28(－1 200.42，－1 080.42) －0.762 0.446
H3 －1 525.04(－1 586.08，－1 419.44) －1 510.84(－1 595.70，－1 440.00) －0.215 0.830
CRP(mg/L)        
H1 －0.20(－0.30，－0.20) －0.30(－0.30，－0.20) －0.006 0.995
H2 －0.40(－0.60，－0.50) －0.40(－0.40，－0.30) －0.657 0.511
H3 －0.80(－0.90，－0.50) －0.60(－0.60，－0.50) －0.912 0.362
PCT(ng/ml)        
H1 －0.16(－0.33，－0.10) －0.20(－0.20，－0.10) －0.026 0.988
H2 －0.42(－0.60，－0.21) －0.30(－0.40，－0.20) －3.014 0.003
H3 －0.71(－0.94，－0.52) －0.50(－0.60，－0.30) －6.118 0.000
PaO2(mmHg)        
H1 3.00(2.00，3.00) 1.00(－2.00，1.00) －8.615 0.000
H2 7.00(7.00，8.00) 0.00(－1.00，3.00) －8.039 0.000
H3 10.00(10.00，13.00) 2.00(1.00，2.00) －9.048 0.000
PaCO2(mmHg)        
H1 －8.00(－16.00，－4.00) －2.00(－2.00，－1.00) －11.161 0.000
H2 －10.00(－18.00，－6.00) －4.00(－4.00，－3.00) －10.401 0.000
H3 －14.00(－22.00，－9.00) －6.00(－7.00，－5.00) －10.397 0.000
表5 两组COPD患者生活质量及心理健康结果比较[分，M50(Q25，Q75)]
量表评分 观察组(n＝70) 对照组(n＝68) Z/t值 P值
BODE指数(分)        
H1 －0.80(－0.90，－0.50) －0.40(－0.50，－0.20) －10.011 0.000
H2 －1.50(－1.80，－1.00) －0.80(－1.00，－0.60) －9.233 0.000
H3 －2.10(－2.70，－1.50) －1.20(－1.80，－0.90) －8.688 0.000
CAT(分)        
H1 －2.00(－2.00，－2.00) －1.00(－2.00，－1.00) －8.031 0.000
H2 －5.00(－6.00，－5.00) －3.00(－3.00，－3.00) －8.985 0.000
H3 －9.00(－10.00，－9.00) －4.00(－4.00，－4.00) －8.661 0.000
ESS(分)        
H1 －2.00(－3.00，－2.00) －1.00(－2.00，－1.00) －4.550 0.000
H2 －6.00(－6.00，－4.00) －3.00(－4.00，－2.00) －8.142 0.000
H3 －9.00(－10.00，－8.00) －5.00(－5.00，－3.00) －8.147 0.000
SACS(分)        
H1 －2.00(－2.00，－2.00) －1.00(－2.00，－1.00) －7.044 0.000
H2 －4.00(－5.00，－3.00) －3.00(－3.00，－2.00) －8.000 0.000
H3 －7.00(－7.00，－6.00) －4.00(－4.00，－3.00) －8.557 0.000
SAS(分)        
H1 56.35±5.03 57.25±5.55 0.999 0.320
H3 52.17±5.29 54.29±5.90 2.224 0.028
H3－H0 －4.00(－5.00，－3.00) －3.00(－4.00，－2.00) －5.245 0.000
GDS(分)        
H0 12.61±2.38 12.64±3.13 0.063 0.950
H3 7.55±2.79 10.64±3.34 5.905 0.000
H3－H0 －5.00(－6.00，－4.00) －2.00(－2.00，－2.00) －9.912 0.000
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