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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (03) : 395 -400. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.03.010

论著

循环肿瘤DNA 对非小细胞肺癌术后复发风险的预测意义
乔鲜丽1, 田向阳1, 周文雅1, 秦泽敏1, 郭姗姗2, 于俊岩1,()   
  1. 1. 046000 长治,长治医学院附属和平医院肿瘤科
    2. 100088 北京,中国人民解放军火箭军特色医学中心全科医学
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通信作者: 于俊岩
  • 基金资助:
    2022 年度军队后勤科研面上项目(20221107)

Significance of circulating tumor DNA in predicting postoperative recurrence risk of non-small cell lung cancer

Xianli Qiao1, Xiangyang Tian1, Wenya Zhou1, Zemin Qin1, Shanshan Guo2, Junyan Yu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Oncology,Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Peace Hospital,Changzhi 046000,China
    2. Department of General Practice,PLA Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center,Beijing 100088,China
  • Received:2025-02-07 Published:2025-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Junyan Yu
引用本文:

乔鲜丽, 田向阳, 周文雅, 秦泽敏, 郭姗姗, 于俊岩. 循环肿瘤DNA 对非小细胞肺癌术后复发风险的预测意义[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(03): 395-400.

Xianli Qiao, Xiangyang Tian, Wenya Zhou, Zemin Qin, Shanshan Guo, Junyan Yu. Significance of circulating tumor DNA in predicting postoperative recurrence risk of non-small cell lung cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(03): 395-400.

目的

分析循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)根治性手术后早期复发风险的预测意义。

方法

选择2020 年2 月至2023 年12 月我院收治的81 例NSCLC 患者,完成根治性切除术,收集肿瘤标本,采集血液样本,采用基于液体活检的循环单分子扩增和重测序技术(circulating single-molecule amplification and resequencing technology,cSMART)进行ctDNA 分析,记录无复发生存期(relapse-free survival,RFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS),分析ctDNA 与RFS、OS 关系。

结果

81 例平均基因突变(1.73±0.65)个,50 例(61.73%)术前ctDNA阳性,76 例中33 例(43.42%)术后至少1 个检测点ctDNA 阳性。 50 例术前ctDNA 阳性者中26 例术后ctDNA 阳性。 中位随访44.0 个月,81 例NSCLC 患者生存55 例(67.90%),其中复发者37 例(45.68%),死亡者26 例(32.10%)。 术前ctDNA 阳性者中位RFS 期19.0 个月(log rank=12.531,P<0.001)和OS 期34.89 个月(log rank=11.028,P=0.001)短于ctDNA 阴性者RFS 期42.0 个月、OS 期46.65 个月。 术后33 例ctDNA 阳性者中复发21 例(63.64%),死亡15 例(45.45%)。 术后ctDNA 阳性者中位RFS 期25.79个月(log rank=10.796,P=0.001)和OS 期34.21个月(log rank=7.384,P=0.007)短于术后ctDNA 阴性者RFS 期39.0 个月、OS 期43.15 个月。 43 例术后ctDNA 阴性者影像学结果显示病灶完全切除,其中21 例术前ctDNA 阳性,ctDNA 转阴者中位RFS 期38.05 个月(log rank=5.139,P=0.023)长于ctDNA 未转阴者25.92 个月。 术前ctDNA 阴性31 例中7 例(22.58%)术后ctDNA 转阳。 33 例术后ctDNA 阳性者中21 例术后ctDNA 阳性比影像学或临床症状结果平均早(11.12±5.21)个月,其中17 例术后2 周内ctDNA 呈阳性。 多因素分析显示,临床分期和术前ctDNA 状态对RFS 和OS 具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 高分期(Ⅲ期)较低分期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)NSCLC 复发或死亡风险分别是3.082 倍或3.577 倍。 术前ctDNA 阳性较ctDNA 阴性NSCLC 复发或死亡风险增加3.889 倍或3.139 倍。 术后ctDNA 阳性是影响RFS 的因素(P<0.05),复发风险增加3.333 倍。

结论

晚期和术前ctDNA 阳性是经根治性切除NSCLC 患者RFS 和OS的影响因素。 术后检测ctDNA 有助于早期发现复发具有意义。

Objective

To analyze the predictive significance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the risk of early recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after radical surgery.

Methods

All of 81 patients with NSCLC admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to December 2023 were selected. Radical resection was completed,tumor specimens and blood samples were collected. ctDNA analysis was performed using circulating single-molecule amplification and resequencing technology (cSMART) based on liquid biopsy.Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded,and the relationship between ctDNA and RFS and OS was analyzed.

Results

81 cases had an average of (1.73±0.65) gene mutations,50 cases(61.73%) were positive ctDNA before surgery,and 33 of 76 cases (43.42%) were positive ctDNA at least one point after surgery. Among the 50 patients with positive ctDNA before surgery,26 patients had positive ctDNA after surgery. During a median follow-up of 44.0 months,Among the 81 NSCLC patients,55 survived(67.90%),37 cases (45.68%) relapsed and 26 cases (32.10%) died. The median RFS stage was 19.0 months (log rank=12.531,P<0.001) and OS stage was 34.89 months (log rank=11.028,P =0.001) in ctDNA-positive patients before surgery,and the median RFS stage was 42.0 months and OS stage was 46.65 months in ctDNA-negative patients. Among the 33 ctDNA positive patients,21 casses (63.64%) relapsed and 15 cases(45.45%) died. The median RFS duration of 25.79 months (log rank=10.796,P =0.001) and OS duration of 34.21 months (log rank=7.384,P =0.007) in ctDNA-positive patients were shorter than those in ctDNA-negative patients (39.0 months of RFS and 43.15 months of OS). The imaging results of 43 patients with negative ctDNA after surgery showed complete resection of the lesions,and 21 cases of them were positive ctDNA before surgery. The median RFS duration of those with negative ctDNA was 38.05 months (log rank=5.139,P =0.023),which was longer than that of those without negative ctDNA. 31 patients with negative ctDNA before surgery,7 cases(22.58%) had positive ctDNA conversion after surgery. Among the 33 ctDNA positive cases,21 cases had positive ctDNA after surgery (11.12±5.21) months earlier than the average results of imaging or clinical symptoms,and 17 cases had positive ctDNA within 2 weeks after surgery. Multifactor analysis showed that clinical stage and preoperative ctDNA status had statistical significance for RFS and OS(P<0.05). The risk of recurrence or death from high stage (stage Ⅲ) and low stage (stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ) NSCLC was 3.082 times or 3.577 times,respectively. Preoperative ctDNA-positive NSCLC had 3.889 times or 3.139 times increased risk of recurrence or death compared with ctDNA-negative NSCLC. Positive ctDNA was a factor affecting RFS after operation (P<0.05),and the risk of recurrence was increased by 3.333 times.

Conclusion

Advanced stage and preoperative ctDNA positive are the factors affecting RFS and OS in patients with radical resection of NSCLC. The detection of ctDNA after surgery can help to detect recurrence in time.

表1 单变量Cox 回归分析影响NSCLC 患者RFS 和OS 的因素
影响因素 单因素分析 多因素分析
比值比 95%置信区间 P 值 比值比 95%置信区间 P 值
RFS
性别(男 vs. 女) 0.493 0.216~1.124 0.093 - - -
年龄(≥60岁 vs. <60岁) 1.011 0.973~1.050 0.572 - - -
既往/现在吸烟史(有 vs. 无) 1.615 0.836~3.117 0.153 - - -
发病位置(中央型 vs. 周围型) 1.922 0.994~3.716 0.052 1.380 0.149~1.966 0.082
肿瘤直径(每增加1 mm) 1.028 1.010~1.047 0.002 1.002 0.974~1.030 0.898
临床分期(ⅢA期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期) 3.256 1.668~6.353 0.000 3.082 1.460~6.506 0.003
病理亚型(肺腺癌 vs. 其他) 1.086 0.563~2.095 0.805 - - -
胸膜侵犯(是 vs. 否) 1.594 0.819~3.099 0.170 - - -
手术方式(电视辅助胸腔镜手术 vs. 开放手术) 2.268 1.096~4.694 0.027 2.187 0.945~5.061 0.067
手术类型(肺叶切除术 vs. 其他) 0.631 0.324~1.229 0.176 - - -
辅助治疗(有 vs. 无) 1.120 0.938~1.339 0.211 - - -
术前ctDNA状态(阳性 vs. 阴性) 3.837 1.679~8.765 0.001 3.889 1.517~9.969 0.005
术后ctDNA状态(阳性 vs. 阴性) 3.376 1.702~6.695 0.000 3.333 1.542~7.205 0.002
OS
性别(男 vs. 女) 0.697 0.280~1.737 0.438 - - -
年龄(≥60岁 vs. <60岁) 1.006 0.961~1.054 0.795 - - -
既往/现在吸烟史(有 vs. 无) 1.593 0.731~3.471 0.247 - - -
发病位置(中央型 vs. 周围型) 1.725 0.782~3.807 0.177 - - -
肿瘤直径(每增加1 mm) 1.037 1.016~1.058 0.000 1.020 0.989~1.052 0.200
临床分期(ⅢA期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期) 4.370 2.001~9.543 0.000 3.577 1.413~9.054 0.007
病理亚型(腺癌 vs. 其他) 1.091 0.495~2.406 0.828 - - -
胸膜侵犯(是 vs. 否) 1.744 0.777~3.915 0.178 - - -
手术方式(电视辅助胸腔镜手术 vs. 开放手术) 2.402 1.008~5.721 0.048 1.348 0.536~3.393 0.526
手术类型(肺叶切除术 vs. 其他) 0.855 0.371~1.967 0.712 - - -
辅助治疗(有 vs. 无) 1.094 0.867~1.380 0.448 - - -
术前ctDNA状态(阳性 vs. 阴性) 2.944 1.180~7.348 0.021 3.139 1.101~8.949 0.032
术后ctDNA状态(阳性 vs. 阴性) 2.621 1.184~5.804 0.018 2.151 0.909~5.094 0.081
图1 NSCLC 术后复发患者的典型胸部CT 平扫图像。 图A 为诊断时;图B 为术中;图C 为术后1 年复发
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