分析非结核分枝杆菌肺病(nontuberculous Mycobacteria pulmonary disease, NTM-PD)患者的临床数据，揭示其人口学特征、影像学表现及病原学分布规律。

选择2023年6月至2025年5月在我院确诊的NTM-PD患者205例。临床数据通过医院电子病历系统提取，包括患者的年龄、性别、既往病史、合并症、临床症状、影像学表现及病原学结果。

205例患者中，男性121例(59.02%)，女性84例(40.98%)；≥50岁患者153例(74.63%)。既往结核病史27例(13.17%)，合并支气管扩张症(bronchiectasis)共36例(17.56%)，合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)25例(12.20%)，其他合并症有血糖异常(包括糖尿病、糖耐量异常、血糖高)、肝炎、尘肺、肿瘤等；男性合并COPD 22例(18.18%)高于女性3例(3.57%)，女性合并支气管扩张20例(23.81%)高于男性16例(13.22%)(P<0.05)。主要症状为咳嗽169例(82.44%)、咳痰151例(73.66%)，气喘79例(38.54%)、胸闷54例(26.34%)、发热39例(19.02%)、胸痛22例(10.73%)、咯血32例(15.61%)；男性发热30例(24.79%)高于女性9例(10.71%)(P<0.05)。胸部影像学表现以结节型124例(60.49%)和空洞型74例(36.10%)为主，其他常见表现有支气管扩张、淋巴结肿大、胸腔积液、气胸等。男性肺部空洞62例(51.24%)高于女性12例(14.29%)，女性支气管扩张31例(36.90%)高于男性29例(23.97%)(P<0.05)。病原学以胞内分枝杆菌79例(38.54%)为主，其次为脓肿分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium abscessus)38例(18.54%)、堪萨斯分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium kansasii)30例(14.63%)和鸟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)14例(6.83%)。男性和女性脓肿分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium abscessus)、堪萨斯分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium kansasii)和鸟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)的占比性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

NTM-PD患者的临床特征和病原学分布存在性别差异，强调早期识别的重要性，为个体化治疗提供依据，未来需进一步探索其流行病学特征及治疗策略。

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic infectious lung disease caused by these bacteria, which has seen a significant rise in cases lately. This study aims to reveal the demographic characteristics, imaging findings, and pathogen distribution patterns of NTM-PD patients by looking back at clinical data.

It was selected that 205 patients diagnosed with NTM-PD at Xi′an Chest Hospital between June 2023 and May 2025. All participants met the diagnostic criteria from the Tuberculosis Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. It was extracted that data from the hospital′s electronic medical record system. This included patients′age, gender, medical history, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, and microbiological results.

Among the 205 patients, male 121 cases (59.02%) and female 84 cases (40.98%); 153 cases were aged ≥50 years (74.63%). Among the patients, 27 cases (13.17%) had a history of tuberculosis, 36 cases (17.56%) had concurrent bronchiectasis, and 25 cases (12.20%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other comorbidities included abnormal blood glucose (including diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperglycemia), hepatitis, pneumoconiosis, and tumors. Among males, 22 cases (18.18%)with COPD higher than 3 cases (3.57%) in females. Females also had 20 cases (23.81%) of bronchiectasis higher than 16 cases (13.22%) in males (P<0.05). The main symptoms were cough in 169 cases (82.44%), expectoration in 151 cases (73.66%), dyspnea in 79 cases (38.54%), chest tightness in 54 cases (26.34%), fever in 39 cases (19.02%), chest pain in 22 cases (10.73%), and hemoptysis in 32 cases (15.61%). The incidence of fever was higher in males 30 cases(24.79%) than in females 9 cases(10.71%) (P<0.05). The imaging features of thorax were nodular 124 cases(60.49%) and cavity (74 cases, 36.10%), and other common features were bronchiectasis, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, etc.The number of lung cavities was 62 cases in males (51.24%) and 12 cases in females (14.29%). The number of bronchiectasis was 31cases in females (36.90%) and 29 cases in males (23.97%)(P<0.05). The etiology was mainly intracellular mycobacteria 79 cases(38.54%), followed by Mycobacterium abscessus 38 cases(18.54%), Mycobacterium kansasii 30 cases(14.63%) and Mycobacterium avium 14 cases(6.83%).The proportions of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium avium were significantly different between males and females (P<0.05).

There are gender differences in the clinical characteristics and pathogen distribution of NTM-PD patients, emphasizing the need for early identification, which can help tailor treatments, and suggesting that more research is needed on its epidemiological features and treatment strategies.