甲型流行性感冒(influenza A virus)是一种常见的呼吸道传染病，临床表现和预后受到多种因素的影响，分析甲流患者外周血白细胞及淋巴细胞计数特点，探讨其在甲流病情评估中的临床意义。甲型流感早期症状缺乏特异性，易与其他呼吸道感染混淆，血常规作为简便快速的基础检验项目，可为早期识别提供线索。

回顾性分析2023年1月至2025年2月在我院收治的甲型流感患者159例，依据病情将其分为非危重症者轻型及中型111例为对照组和危重症者重型及危重型48例为观察组。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、病程以及入院和出院时的外周血白细胞和淋巴细胞计数，分析临床特征。

观察组男性39例(81.25%)，对照组71例(63.96%)，两组以男性占比居多；观察组发病时间(4.33±4.18)d、住院时间(17.21±9.91)d及总病程(21.54±11.16)d较对照组(1.88±1.81)d、(10.23±4.11)d、(12.11±4.68)d，差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组入院时白细胞计数[7.56(4.78，11.30)×10⁹/L、出院时7.32(5.82，9.48)×10⁹/L]高于非危重症组[5.64(4.20，7.48)×10⁹/L、5.46(4.34，7.57)×10⁹/L]，P<0.005；而观察组淋巴细胞计数入院时0.50(0.29，0.75)×10⁹/L、出院时0.86(0.60，1.46)×10⁹/L低于非危重症组[0.92(0.63，1.40)×10⁹/L、1.34(1.01，1.73)×10⁹/L]，P<0.005。ROC曲线分析结果显示，出院时的白细胞和淋巴细胞计数对患者生存率具有预测价值。进一步的COX回归分析表明，出院时的淋巴细胞水平显著影响患者的死亡风险，而白细胞计数的影响则较小。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示，正常范围内白细胞和淋巴细胞计数与较好的预后相关。观察组死亡13例，对照组无死亡病例。

甲型流感患者的外周血白细胞和淋巴细胞计数在临床分型和预后中具有重要意义，在临床管理中需重视这些指标，改善患者的预后和生存率。

Influenza A is a common respiratory infectious disease, and its clinical manifestations and prognosis are influenced by multiple factors. To analyze the characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in patients with influenza A, and to explore their clinical significance in the assessment of influenza A severity. Early symptoms of influenza A lack specificity and are easily confused with other respiratory infections; as a simple, rapid, and basic laboratory test, the complete blood count can provide clues for early identification.

We retrospectively analyzed 159 patients with influenza A who were admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and February 2025, categorizing them into a non-severe group (mild and moderate) and a critical group (severe and critical). We compared the gender, age, duration of illness, and leukocyte and lymphocyte counts at admission and discharge between the two groups to investigate their clinical characteristics.

In the observation group, there were 39 males (81.25%), and in the control group, there were 71 males (63.96%); males accounted for the majority in both groups. The time to onset (4.33±4.18) d, length of hospital stay (17.21±9.91) d, and total disease duration (21.54±11.16) d in the observation group were compared with those in the control group (1.88±1.81) d, (10.23±4.11) d, and (12.11±4.68) d, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The white blood cell count in the observation group was 7.56(4.78, 11.30)×10⁹/L at admission and 7.32(5.82, 9.48)×10⁹/L at discharge, which were significantly higher than those in the non critical group [5.64(4.20, 7.48)×10⁹/L at admission and 5.46(4.34, 7.57)×10⁹/L at discharge] (P<0.005); The lymphocyte count in the observation group was 0.50(0.29, 0.75)×10⁹/L at admission and 0.86 (0.60, 1.46)×10⁹/L at discharge, which were significantly lower than those in the non critical group [0.92(0.63, 1.40)×10⁹/L at admission and 1.34(1.01, 1.73)×10⁹/L at discharge] (P<0.005). ROC curve analysis indicated that the leukocyte and lymphocyte counts at discharge were good predictors of patient survival. Further COX regression analysis showed that the lymphocyte levels at discharge significantly affected the risk of death in patients, while the impact of leukocyte count was less significant. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that leukocyte and lymphocyte counts within the normal range were associated with better prognosis.

The leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in patients with influenza A are important for clinical classification and prognosis, which means these indicators should be taken seriously in clinical management to improve patient prognosis and survival rates. Future research could look into the clinical value and potential mechanisms of these indicators.