To analyze the risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, so as to guide the initial empirical antimicrobial treatment.

All of 374 patients with hospital acquired pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli(GNB-HAP) in our hospital during January 2019 to June 2019 were included in the study. Patients were divided into hospital acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia group (81 cases) and hospital acquired non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia group (293 cases) according to whether the bacterial culture results were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The variables were assessed on the day when qualified respiratory specimens were obtained. Variables with a P<0.05 in univariable analysis were then included in the multivariablelogistic regression analysis to find the independent risk factor of PA-HAP.

The potential risk factors associated with PA-HAP in the univariate analysiswere Days from the specimens collection date to the date in hospital; no admission to ICU, no Cerebral surgery, no cranial drainage, no coma, no risk of aspiration, no cerebral infarction, no cerebral hemorrhage, thoracic surgery; thoracic drainage; budesonide inhalation; tumor; splenectomy. Theindependent risk factors of PA-HAP determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis included thoracic surgery [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.462, 95%CI 1.237~4.900]; no coma(2.516, 1.368~4.627); budesonide inhalation (1.883, 1.049~3.393); splenectomy (5.039, 1.051~24.15).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection should be on alert in patients with GNB-HAP who have thoracic surgery, inhaled budesonide, splenectomy and no coma during hospitalization.