To evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of bronchoscopy combined with interventional diagnosis and treatment in the treatment of benign central airway stenosis, and to explore the choice of optimal subbronchial interventional diagnosis and treatment of central airway stenosis.

From August 2016 to December 2021, 75 patients with benign stenosis of central airway in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of our hospital were collected. A total of 232 cases underwent interventional diagnosis and treatment under bronchoscope. The main methods include high-frequency electric knife, argon knife, cryotherapy, laser ablation, balloon dilatation, tracheal stent implantation, etc. Before operation, measure the inner diameter of narrow airway, evaluate the degree and grade of stenosis, Borg dyspnea score and preoperative risk assessment, and formulate corresponding bronchoscopic treatment strategies according to the different causes and locations of stenosis in each patient.

For the stenosis caused by bronchial tuberculosis, more than 80% of patients can get effective treatment after interventional combined treatment under bronchoscope, and can shorten the course of anti tuberculosis treatment. For patients with stenosis after upper tracheal intubation or tracheotomy, endoscopic interventional diagnosis and treatment can quickly alleviate clinical symptoms, but for patients with structural damage of trachea or scar contracture after repeated treatment with multiple methods, silicone stent is an ideal choice. After follow-up 1-2 years, the structure of airway stenosis is stable, and the mucosa is complete and smooth. Interventional diagnosis and treatment under bronchoscope can achieve the purpose of radical cure for all segments of tracheal and bronchial stenosis caused by benign airway tumors and foreign bodies. All kinds of treatment methods for airway stretch deformation stenosis caused by structural lung disease are not ideal.

There are multiple causes of benign central airway stenosis. Different combined interventional therapy under bronchoscope can achieve ideal clinical results, especially in patients with stenosis caused by bronchial tuberculosis, endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy, benign airway tumor and airway foreign body.