To investigate the pulmonary vein stenosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation.

A total of 125 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent radiofrequency ablation in the Cardiovascular Department of China Resources Wuhan Iron and Steel General Hospital from November 2020 to November 2023 were selected as the study subjects. All participants underwent radiofrequency ablation, and left atrium pulmonary vein CT three-dimensional anatomical reconstruction was performed before and after surgery to observe the stenosis and severity of the pulmonary vein opening after surgery. Assess early and late recurrence based on follow-up results 14 days and 3 months after surgery.

The most common abnormality is the right pulmonary vein opening. There were differences in the maximum diameter, minimum diameter, cross-sectional area, and roundness of the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), and right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) before and after surgery compared to before surgery (P<0.05), The difference in venous index before and after surgery was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among 125 patients, there were 26 cases (20.80%) with variations in the opening of the right pulmonary vein, 5 cases (4.00%) with variations in the opening of the left pulmonary vein, and 5 cases (4.00%) with variations in multiple branches of the right pulmonary vein. Compared with preoperative, there was a statistically significant difference in postoperative left atrial volume (P<0.05). After 14 days of postoperative follow-up, it was found that 57 patients had early recurrent atrial arrhythmias, accounting for 45.60% of the total number, 54 patients had atrial fibrillation, accounting for 43.20%, and 6 patients had atrial flutter, accounting for 4.80%.

Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can induce mild pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation treatment.