To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) with or without underlying diseases, and to early identify the characteristics of pulmonary aspergillosis without underlying diseases to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

A total of 39 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis admitted to our hospital from September 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the observation group 17 cases without underlying diseases and the control group 22 cases with underlying diseases. The gender, age, occupation, symptoms, history of glucocorticoid use, history of antibiotic use, chest imaging characteristics and laboratory examination of the patients were collected. Including blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver function, renal function, coagulation function, D-dimer, the two groups were statistically analyzed.

Among the 39 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, there were 3 cases (17.65%) in the observation group and 13 cases (59.09%) in the control group aged over 60 years (P<0.05). There were 7 cases (31.82%) of glucocorticoid use history in the control group, and no cases in the observation group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.012). There were 7 cases (41.18%) of irregular high density shadow in the observation group and 17 cases (77.27%) in the control group (P<0.05). There were 13 cases (76.47%) in the observation group and 7 cases (31.82%) in the control group with unilateral lung lesions (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen 5.58[3.85-6.3]mmol/L in the observation group, 6.67[5.09-10.53]mmol/L in the control group (P<0.05), D-dimer 0.14[0.08-0.44]mg/L in the observation group, 0.73(0.26-1.17)mg/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Hemoglobin was 130.00(124.00-134.00)g/L in the observation group and 106.00(85.75-117.00)g/L in the control group (P<0.05). Total protein was(69.60±7.41)g/L in the observation group and (58.90±9.45)g/Lin the control group (P<0.05). Albumin was 40.90(33.15-43.75)g/L in the observation group and 31.70(27.93-38.93)g/L in the control group (P<0.05).

Pulmonary aspergillosis can occur in one side of the lung, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary cavities and irregular high-density shadows. Advanced age, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, total protein levels, albumin levels and D-dimer are the main factors to distinguish pulmonary aspergillosis with or without underlying diseases.