To broaden the diagnostic strategy, reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment, and improve the diagnostic level by exploring the clinical characteristics of non-infectious pulmonary cavity diseases.

It was analyzed retrospectively that the clinical data of 51 patients with non-infectious pulmonary cavity disease admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to November 2020. The diagnosis of all these cases was confirmed by pathological tissue and laboratory tests. Of these cases, 32 were neoplastic cavities (tumor group) and 19 were non-neoplastic cavities (non-tumor group).

Non-infectious pulmonary cavity diseases mainly occurred in males, middle-aged and elderly people.All the cases are subacute or chronic, the main clinical symptoms are cough, sputum, hemoptysis, and some patients have fever. There were no significant differences in blood routine, neutrophil percentage and c-reactive protein between the tumor group and the non-tumor group (P>0.05). The misdiagnosis rate was 46.7% in the tumor group and 63.2% in the non-tumor group. The number of smokers in the tumor group, the daily smoking amount and the medical history time were significantly higher than those in the non-tumor group. The tumor markers of the tumor group were mostly positive. The ratio of cavity inner wall bulge, cavity wall enhancement, lobules, marginal burr and mediastinal lymph node enlargement in tumor group was significantly higher than that in non-tumor group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of neoplastic pulmonary cavity disease, associated with other lung lesions and changes in reexamination of lung images are independent risk factors for the diagnosis of non-neoplastic pulmonary cavity disease.

The etiology of non-infectious pulmonary cavity disease is mostly neoplastic, and the imaging part has thecharacteristics of malignant tumor. When the characteristics are not obvious, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as infectious disease. Non-neoplastic and non-infectious pulmonary cavitation diseases are rare in clinic with complex etiology, and the pulmonary cavitation can be a process of disease development.When making the diagnosis, clinical and dynamic observation should be combined to reduce misdiagnosis, and the final diagnosis should be confirmed by pathology.