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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (04) : 436 -441. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2021.04.007

论著

非免疫缺陷患者肺隐球菌病的临床特征及疗效分析
何炳灵1, 邵世锋1, 肖洪1, 宋巧玲1,(), 陶雪江1, 周健1, 蒋东坡1, 王耀丽1,(), 李琦2   
  1. 1. 400042 重庆,陆军(第三)军医大学第三附属医院战创伤医学中心创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室
    2. 400037 重庆,陆军(第三)军医大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-07 出版日期:2021-08-25
  • 通信作者: 宋巧玲, 王耀丽
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2021MSXM305)

Clinical features and therapeutic analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with non-immune deficiency

Bingling He1, Shifeng Shao1, Hong Xiao1, Qiaoling Song1,(), Xuejiang Tao1, Jian Zhou1, Dongpo Jiang1, Yaoli Wang1,(), qi Li2   

  1. 1. Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
    2. Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
  • Received:2021-03-07 Published:2021-08-25
  • Corresponding author: Qiaoling Song, Yaoli Wang
引用本文:

何炳灵, 邵世锋, 肖洪, 宋巧玲, 陶雪江, 周健, 蒋东坡, 王耀丽, 李琦. 非免疫缺陷患者肺隐球菌病的临床特征及疗效分析[J]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2021, 14(04): 436-441.

Bingling He, Shifeng Shao, Hong Xiao, Qiaoling Song, Xuejiang Tao, Jian Zhou, Dongpo Jiang, Yaoli Wang, qi Li. Clinical features and therapeutic analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with non-immune deficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 14(04): 436-441.

目的

分析非免疫缺陷患者肺隐球菌病的临床特征及疗效。

方法

回顾性分析陆军特色医学中心2017年1月至2020年6月确诊肺隐球菌病患者的病历资料39例,人口学资料,基础疾病,临床表现,影像学特征,病理检查结果,治疗方案和临床结局。收集患者肺组织病理学检测结果和痰液样本,分析是否存在隐球菌感染,对部分患者进行了隐球菌抗原检测,进行分析总结。

结果

39例患者,男21例,女18例。20例(51.28%)体检发现肺部结节,19例(48.72%)有咳嗽、咳痰、发热临床症状,39例患者均确诊肺隐球菌病。32例(82.05%)行手术切除病变肺组织后辅助于抗真菌治疗药物,手术切除肺组织均行病理检查确诊隐球菌感染;7例(17.95%)单纯抗真菌药物治疗者中,有3例行肺穿刺活检证实肺隐球菌,1例血清隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原测试呈阳性,1例痰液培养提示肺隐球菌,2例肺泡灌洗液检出隐球菌。随访中发现手术切除联合抗真菌治疗相比单纯药物抗真菌治疗者,疗程短。

结论

非免疫缺陷肺隐球菌病患者的临床表现无特异性,检测血清或呼吸道标本中的隐球菌抗原或肺组织活检是确诊隐球菌感染的诊断手段。手术联合抗真菌药物是治疗隐球菌肺病的有效方法。

Objective

To analyze the clinical features and efficacy of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with non-immune deficiency.

Methods

To retrospectively analyze the medical records of 39 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed from January 2017 to June 2020 at the Army Special Medical Center, and analyze the following data: demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, imaging features, and pathological examination results, Treatment plan and clinical outcome. The lung histopathological test results and sputum samples of all patients were collected to analyze whether there was cryptococcal infection. Some patients were tested for cryptococcal antigen, and the above results were analyzed and summarized.

Results

The study analyzed 39 patients, 21 males and 18 females. Physical examination of 20 cases (51.28%) found pulmonary nodules, 19 cases (48.72%) had clinical symptoms of cough, sputum and fever, and 39 cases were diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Among all patients, 32 cases (82.05%) underwent surgical removal of the diseased lung tissue followed by antifungal therapy, and pathological examination of the surgically removed lung tissue was performed to confirm cryptococcal infection; 7 cases (17.95%) were treated with antifungal drugs alone, 3 cases of lung biopsy confirmed pulmonary Cryptococcus, 1 case of serum Cryptococcus capsular polysaccharide antigen test was positive, 1 case of sputum culture showed Cryptococcus pneumoniae, 2 cases of alveolar lavage fluid detected Cryptococcus. During the follow-up, it was found that surgical resection combined with antifungal therapy had a lower risk of recurrence and a shorter course of treatment than those who were treated with drug antifungal therapy alone.

Conclusion

The clinical manifestations of patients with non-immune deficiency pulmonary cryptococcosis are not specific. Detection of cryptococcal antigens in serum or respiratory tract specimens or lung tissue biopsy is a diagnostic method to confirm cryptococcal infection. Surgery combined with antifungal drugs is an effective method for the treatment of cryptococcal pulmonary disease.

表1 人口学及临床特征[n(%)]
表2 临床检验指标
图1 40岁女性,咳嗽、胸痛15 d,抗炎治疗2周后无好转,CT检查;注:A:右肺下叶后外基底段多发软组织密度影,边界清楚,较大者大小2.0 cm×3.0 cm,增强后不均匀强化;病灶与胸膜相连。考虑肉芽肿性炎症。治疗:胸腔镜右肺下叶楔形切除,术后氟康唑200 mg qd口服;B:术后抗真菌治疗5个月复查,无复发病灶
图2 57岁男性,咳嗽、咳黄白色粘痰1月,CT可见;注:A:左肺上叶团块状软组织影,大小约6.0 cm×5.1 cm,其内可见空洞形成,边界欠清。周围可见多发条索影、结节影和斑片影。肺泡灌洗液见:隐球菌;B:治疗:氟康唑200 mg qd治疗5月后复查
表3 肺隐球菌病病理、微生物检查特征[n(%)]
图3 肺泡灌洗液;注:A:革兰染色;B:抗酸染色镜检隐球菌
图4 痰液;注:A、B:墨汁染色镜检隐球菌
图5 肺组织苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)高倍镜检;注:A、B:肉芽肿性炎,间质及多核巨细胞包浆内可隐球菌孢子
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