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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 912 -915. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2022.06.041

综述

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者分级评估及康复治疗研究进展
张彬霞1, 王宁1, 李端芳1, 刘勇1, 陈珍珍1,()   
  1. 1. 400037 重庆,陆军(第三)军医大学第二附属医院疼痛与康复医学科
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-18 出版日期:2022-12-25
  • 通信作者: 陈珍珍

Progress in grading evaluation and rehabilitation treatment of COVID-19 patients

Binxia Zhang1, Ning Wang1, Duanfang Li1   

  • Received:2022-03-18 Published:2022-12-25
引用本文:

张彬霞, 王宁, 李端芳, 刘勇, 陈珍珍. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者分级评估及康复治疗研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2022, 15(06): 912-915.

Binxia Zhang, Ning Wang, Duanfang Li. Progress in grading evaluation and rehabilitation treatment of COVID-19 patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 15(06): 912-915.

2019年底以来,COVID-19迅速传播,导致持续性全球疫情[1,2]。感染COVID-19的个体表现出广泛症状,疾病严重程度从无症状到急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)各有不同,重者甚至危及生命[3]。COVID-19患者感染后出现严重的身体退化,常伴有心肺、肌肉骨骼损伤和其他肺外表现,导致日常生活活动(activities of daily living, ADL)显著损害[4]。COVID-19治愈后仍存在慢性咳嗽、疲劳、呼吸急促、胸闷、精神及认知功能障碍等症状,称为"新冠后综合征"[5]。柳叶刀报道的一项研究对出院患者进行6个月和12个月2次调查得出,疲劳或肌肉无力是最常见的症状,6个月时52%,12个月时下降到20%。呼吸困难患者6个月26%,12个月30%。更多患者出现焦虑或抑郁2个月时23%,12个月时26%,其中轻度焦虑或抑郁占优势[6]。中度及轻度的COVID-19数周或数月后存在不同程度的呼吸急促、肌肉疼痛、关节疼痛等症状[7]。这些症状则影响个人的身体、认知和心理功能,导致ADL和生活质量(QoL)下降。随着全球COVID-19康复人数稳步增加,公众焦点逐渐从急性期疾病的治疗转向长期康复策略,除了医疗支持和支持性治疗外,多学科合作下的康复治疗也是一种安全、有效的治疗方法[8]。康复治疗可让患者获得短期、中期和长期的健康获益,预防、延迟、减轻甚至逆转代谢、肺、心血管、神经认知、炎症和肌肉骨骼疾病[9,10,11,12]。美国胸科学会与欧洲呼吸学会指出急性和慢性呼吸系统疾病,经过康复干预后6MWT、肺功能、肌肉骨骼性能和生活质量有改善[13]。对患者进行系统评估并制定个性化的康复方案,可减轻COVID-19后症状,提高自主性、运动能力和生活质量,给患者带来了希望。

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