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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 297 -302. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2026.02.017

论著

支气管镜检查结果与临床诊断的一致性分析:基于936例患者的回顾性研究
马甜甜, 张红军, 郑文灏, 顾兴, 王明奇()   
  1. 710100 西安,西北大学附属胸科医院呼吸与危重症科
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-03 出版日期:2026-04-25
  • 通信作者: 王明奇
  • 基金资助:
    西安市科技计划项目(2022JH-YBYJ-0157)

A analysis on the consistency between bronchoscopy results and clinical diagnosis: A retrospective study of 936 patients

Tiantian Ma, Hongjun Zhang, Wenhao Zheng, Xing Gu, Mingqi Wang()   

  1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi′an 710100, China
  • Received:2025-05-03 Published:2026-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Mingqi Wang
引用本文:

马甜甜, 张红军, 郑文灏, 顾兴, 王明奇. 支气管镜检查结果与临床诊断的一致性分析:基于936例患者的回顾性研究[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(02): 297-302.

Tiantian Ma, Hongjun Zhang, Wenhao Zheng, Xing Gu, Mingqi Wang. A analysis on the consistency between bronchoscopy results and clinical diagnosis: A retrospective study of 936 patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(02): 297-302.

目的

支气管镜检查在呼吸系统疾病的诊断中具有临床意义。本文旨在探讨支气管镜检查结果与临床诊断的一致性及其相关炎性指标的变化。

方法

回顾性分析936例在我院呼吸与危重症医学科进行支气管镜检查的患者,对其中704例取得合格肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)的患者按照阳性组440例与阴性组264例进行临床特征比较。

结果

支气管镜检查的灵敏度为68.40%,特异度为97.10%,总符合率为75.70%(P<0.001)。704例BALF阳性与阴性患者在性别和年龄没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。阳性组和阴性组超敏C-反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP) [12.28(2.77,83.49)mg/L比7.22(1.00,52.37)mg/L]、白细胞[(9.33±6.03)×109/L比(7.88±3.49)×109/L]、淋巴细胞[(1.14±0.63)×109/L比(1.37±0.60)×109/L]、血沉[31.0(9.0,70.5)mm 1 h比15.0(7.0,40.0)mm 1 h]、血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A protein, SAA) [69.69(4.70,200.02)mg/L比19.68(2.13,144.48)mg/L]比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。499例支气管肺泡灌洗结果中,一般感染296例、结核127例、恶性肿瘤44例和非感染性疾病32例。ROC曲线分析显示,hs-CRP和白细胞在阳性患者中的诊断高。分析不同病种的BALF阳性患者,发现结核和一般感染的炎性指标显著高于阴性患者。

结论

支气管镜检查结果与临床诊断存在显著差异,且BALF中的炎性指标改变在不同呼吸系统病种间存在差异,表明BALF的炎性标志物有助于提高对支气管镜检查结果的理解,并在临床上为肺部疾病的早期诊断具有意义。

Objective

Bronchoscopy is of clinical significance in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. This study aims to investigate the consistency between bronchoscopy findings and clinical diagnosis, as well as the change of the associated inflammatory markers.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 936 patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of our hospital. Among them, 704 patients with qualified bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were divided into a positive group (440 cases) and a negative group (264 cases) for comparison of clinical characteristics.

Results

The sensitivity of bronchoscopy was 68.40%, specificity was 97.10%, and the overall concordance rate was 75.70% (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in gender or age between the 704 BALF-positive and BALF-negative patients (P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between the positive group and the negative group in terms of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)[12.28(2.77, 83.49)mg/L vs. 7.22(1.00, 52.37)mg/L], white blood cell count [(9.33±6.03)×109/L vs. (7.88±3.49)×109/L], lymphocyte count [(1.14±0.63)×109/L vs. (1.37±0.60)×109/L], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)[31.0(9.0, 70.5)mm1 h vs. 15.0(7.0, 40.0)mm 1 h] and serum amyloid A protein (SAA)[69.69(4.70, 200.02)mg/L vs. 19.68(2.13, 144.48)mg/L] (P<0.05). Among 499 bronchoalveolar lavage results, there were 296 cases of general infection, 127 cases of tuberculosis, 44 cases of malignant tumors, and 32 cases of non-infectious diseases. ROC curve analysis indicated that hs-CRP and white blood cell count had high diagnostic value in positive patients. Analysis of BALF-positive patients with different disease entities revealed that inflammatory markers in tuberculosis and general infection were significantly higher than those in negative patients.

Conclusion

There is a significant difference between bronchoscopy findings and clinical diagnosis, and alterations in inflammatory markers in BALF vary among different respiratory diseases. This suggests that inflammatory markers in BALF may help improve the interpretation of bronchoscopy results and hold clinical significance for the early diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.

图1 936例患者整体灌洗结果构成
图2 不同病种灌洗结果患者例数
表1 患者支气管镜检查结果和临床最后诊断一致性分析
表2 BALF阳性患者与阴性患者的性别、年龄及炎性指标比较
表3 BALF NGS阳性与NGS阴性患者临床指标比较
表4 不同病种BALF阳性与阴性患者的性别、年龄及炎性指标的变化
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