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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 882 -887. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2026.05.025

综述

人工智能在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断与管理中的应用研究进展
张燚, 寇贤帅, 饶旭, 贺斌峰†()   
  1. 400037 重庆,陆军(第三)军医大学第二附属医院全科医学科
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-03 出版日期:2026-10-25
  • 通信作者: 贺斌峰
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科卫联合医学研究项目(2024GGXM001)

Research progress on artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Yi Zhang, Xianshuai Kou, Xu Rao   

  • Received:2026-02-03 Published:2026-10-25
引用本文:

张燚, 寇贤帅, 饶旭, 贺斌峰. 人工智能在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断与管理中的应用研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(05): 882-887.

Yi Zhang, Xianshuai Kou, Xu Rao. Research progress on artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 19(05): 882-887.

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是临床常见的慢性进行性呼吸系统疾病,发病率、致残率及病死率居高不下,已成为全球重要的公共卫生负担疾病之一。COPD病情迁延、易反复急性加重,且早期临床症状隐匿,传统诊疗模式依赖临床主观经验,存在早期筛查率低、病情评估片面、个体化管理欠缺、随访体系不完善等诸多弊端,难以满足精准医疗的临床需求。近年来,人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)技术凭借高效的图像识别、数据挖掘及风险预测能力,广泛应用于呼吸疾病的筛查诊断、病情评估与慢病管理,为COPD全病程智能化诊疗提供了全新思路。本文归纳总结AI在COPD诊疗领域的最新研究成果与应用现状。对COPD诊断,AI技术可对胸部CT影像学、肺功能检测数据、气道壁增厚与肺血管改变等多模态临床数据进行深度分析,精准识别早期小气道损伤与隐匿性肺气肿病变,自动完成肺功能结果质控与判读,有效降低人为操作误差,显著提升COPD早期诊断的准确率与效率,弥补传统检查手段的局限性。临床管理中,基于机器学习、深度学习构建的预测模型,可精准预判患者急性加重、合并症发生及远期预后风险。结合智能穿戴设备与数字化管理平台,能够实时监测患者呼吸指标、用药依从性与康复状态,实现个体化用药指导、居家康复干预与动态病情预警,可提前1~7 d预警急性加重,突破传统静态诊疗模式,构建起全程、动态、精细化的慢病管理体系,有效改善患者生活质量、降低再入院率。AI辅助COPD诊疗仍存在数据集标准化不足、模型泛化能力有限、多中心临床验证缺乏、临床转化困难等问题。未来需进一步规范医疗数据标准、优化算法模型、开展大样本多中心研究,推动AI技术深度融入临床诊疗与基层慢病防控,有助于COPD诊疗向智能化、精准化、个体化方向高质量发展。

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