To explore the characteristics of bronchial tuberculosis under a bronchoscope and analyze the clinical effect of local treatment of bronchial tuberculosis under a fiberoptic bronchoscope.

The clinical data of 92 cases of bronchial tuberculosis admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Leshan People′s Hospital in Sichuan Province in China from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an observation group (n=48) and a control group (n=44) according to the random number table method. The patients in both groups were treated with the standardized 3HRZE/9HR anti-tuberculosis oral drug therapy and atomization inhalation therapy, and the patients in the observation group was treated with local drug injection under a fiberoptic bronchoscope on this basis. The sputum acid-fast bacilli negative conversion rate at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of treatment and the clinical efficacy at 6 months of treatment were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions during the treatment were recorded and a long-term follow-up was conducted.

The sputum negative conversion rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months of treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rates were 85.42% in the observation group and 63.64% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). In the observation group, 48 cases of bronchial tuberculosis were treated with anti-tuberculosis and bronchoscopy for 12 months and were all clinically cured. The clinical cure rate of 44 cases of bronchial tuberculosis in the control group was 77.27%. The difference of the long-term clinical cure rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.000).

Local treatment for the patients with bronchial tuberculosis under a fiberoptic bronchoscope combined with conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs can effectively promote the sputum negative transformation, improve the clinical efficacy and shorten the treatment period.