To summarize the multi-slice computed tomograpgy (MSCT) findings of 29 cases of pathologically-proven pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma and analyze the clinical data of 16 cases of preoperative misdiagnosis in order to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate.

The MSCT findings and the clinical data of 29 cases of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed, and related literatures were reviewed.

Among the 29 cases of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma, only 13 cases were diagnosed, with the misdiagnosis rate of 55%. In the 29 cases, there were 30 lesions, 23 nodular lesions, and 6 mass lesions. And 26 lesions were round or round-like, 2 lesions showed shallow lobulation, and 1 lesion showed ground glass-like nodules. And 19 cases showed uniform density and 10 cases showed uneven density. Enhanced scanning of the lesions of 16 cases showed sustained mild to moderate enhancement. The MSCT after MRP and VR treatment showed welt vessel sign in 6 cases, ball-holding sign in 3 cases, and halo sign in 7 cases.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma occurs usually in middle-aged women and mostly shows single-shot lesions. MSCT has certain special signs (such as welt vessel sign, ball-holding sign and halo sign) and enhanced scanning shows continuous mild to moderate enhancement. In clinic, we should avoid misdiagnosis and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis on the basis of close combination of the patient′s medical history.