Under the conditions of rapid highland, by establishing models of severe thoracic blast injuries in sheep, the characteristics of injuries from two different types of blast injuries were analyzed.

It was selected that 70 healthy goats from their permanent residence at 2 800 meters and transport them approximately 130 km to an altitude of 4 600 meters, using 8 kg TNT equivalent. Divide the goats into groups based on distance from the explosion source using a random number method: 30 goats at 3 meters, 12 goats at 3.5 meters, 1 goat at 8 meters, 4 goats at 12 meters, and 23 goats at 16 meters. Secure the goats in custom iron frames facing to the right, and then detonate in separate controlled explosions. Collect vital signs, arterial blood gases, imaging data, and gross lung anatomy of the goats before (2 800 m, 4 600 m) and after the explosions, and analyze the characteristics of high-altitude blast injuries using descriptive research methods.

After reaching an altitude of 4 600 meters, the goats which resided at an altitude of 2 800 meters experienced a decrease in body temperature [(39.58±0.35) vs. (38.1±0.65)]℃, a decline in arterial oxygen pressure[(47.00±5.51 )vs. (36.97±4.69)]mmHg, and a reduction in SaO₂ [(86.83±4.02)vs. (71.1±12.54)]%. Severe thoracic blast injuries resulted in a survival rate of over 15 minutes of 43 individuals(61.42%) in primary, there were 29 individuals (41.42%), and in secondary, there were 14 individuals (20.00%). And over 30 minutes of 37 individuals(52.18%), in primary, there were 24 individuals (34.28%), and in secondary, there were 13 individuals (18.57%). Primary and secondary severe thoracic blast injuries showed no statistically significant difference in survival rate (P>0.05). severe primary thoracic blast injuries mainly presented as pneumothorax and lung contusion, sometimes accompanied by burns, ear, intestinal, and cardiac contusions. Secondary severe thoracic blast injuries were characterized by chest penetration injuries and lung lacerations, sometimes accompanied by thoracoabdominal or cardiorespiratory penetrating injuries, liver lacerations, and others. Following both types of thoracic blast injuries, the average arterial pressure significantly increased (P<0.05).

At an altitude of 2 800 meters, local goats exhibit symptoms of high-altitude sickness such as hypoxia and hypothermia after reaching an altitude of 4 600 meters. There are two types of severe chest blast injuries with the same fatality rate within 30 minutes. primary blast injury manifest discreetly and are followed by increased breathing, hypoxemia, and acidosis. Secondary injuries are easily detected but pose relative difficulties in early treatment.