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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 304 -309. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.02.019

论著

糖尿病并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染危险因素分析
韩莉1, 王启源1, 蒙洁1, 杨新亮1, 刘侠1, 贺晨艳1,()   
  1. 1. 710100 西安,陕西省结核病防治院(陕西省第五人民医院) 内三科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通信作者: 贺晨艳
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省卫生健康委卫生健康科研项目(2018D-046)

Risk factors of secondary pulmonary fungal infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis

Li Han1, Qiyuan Wang1, Jie Meng1, Xinliang Yang1, Xia Liu1, Chenyan He1,()   

  1. 1. No.3 Internal medicine,Shaanxi Provincial Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Hospital (Shaanxi Fifth People′s Hospital),Xi′an 710100,China
  • Received:2025-02-12 Published:2025-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Chenyan He
引用本文:

韩莉, 王启源, 蒙洁, 杨新亮, 刘侠, 贺晨艳. 糖尿病并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(02): 304-309.

Li Han, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Meng, Xinliang Yang, Xia Liu, Chenyan He. Risk factors of secondary pulmonary fungal infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(02): 304-309.

目的

分析糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染的危险因素。

方法

选择2017 年1 月至2024 年12 月我院收治的73 例DM 并发肺结核患者为对象,继发肺部真菌感染27 例分为观察组和未感染46 例为对照组,比较两组临床资料,采用Logistic 回归分析DM 并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染的危险因素,绘制列线图。 采用受试者工作曲线(receiver operating curve,ROC)分析预测意义。

结果

观察组白色念珠菌感染15 例(55.56%),热带念珠菌7 例(25.93%),近平滑念珠菌4 例(14.81%),克柔念珠菌1 例(3.70%)。 观察组中生存19 例(70.37%),死亡8 例(29.63%),其中呼吸衰竭4 例(14.81%),多器官功能障碍2 例(7.41%),感染性休克2 例(7.41%)。 观察组吸烟史13 例(48.15%)、空腹血糖(13.09±2.89)mmol/L、餐后2 h 血糖(15.88±4.17)mmol/L、广谱抗生素应用(2.31±0.49)周、糖皮质激素药物应用(2.82±0.58)周较对照组吸烟史33 例(52.17%)、空腹血糖(10.37±2.48)mmol/L、餐后2 h 血糖(11.99±3.36)mmol/L、广谱抗生素应用(1.86±0.41)周、糖皮质激素药物应用(2.21±0.51)周差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 排除混杂因素,Logistic 回归分析结果显示,空腹血糖(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.019~3.741)、餐后2 h 血糖(OR=2.287,95%CI: 1.046~4.999)、广谱抗生素(OR=358.104,95%CI: 2.482~51 661.842)、糖皮质激素药物应用(OR=221.420,95%CI: 1.651~29 691.790)是继发肺部真菌感染危险因素。 ROC 曲线显示,空腹血糖、餐后2 h 血糖、广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素药物联合预测DM 并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.964,高于单项检测(Z=4.470、2.864、3.090、2.946,P<0.05)。

结论

DM 并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌发生率高,空腹血糖、餐后2 h 血糖、广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素药物应用是继发肺部真菌感染危险因素。

Objective

To analyze the risk factors of secondary pulmonary fungal infection in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods

A total of 73 DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2024 were selected as the subjects,and 27 patients with secondary pulmonary fungal infection were divided into the observation group and 46 patients without infection as the control group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors of secondary pulmonary fungal infection in DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed by Logistic regression. Draw a nomogram. The predictive value was analyzed by receiver operating curve (ROC).

Results

In the observation group,there were 15 cases (55.56%) of Candida albicans infection,7 cases (25.93%) of Candida tropicalis,4 cases (14.81%) of Candida parapsilosis,and 1 case (3.70%) of Candida krusei. In the observation group,19 cases (70.37%) survived,8 cases (29.63%) died,including 4 cases (14.81%) of respiratory failure,2 cases (7.41%) of multiple organ dysfunction and 2 cases (7.41%) of septic shock. The observation group was (40.09±12.33) years old,13 patients (48.15%) had a history of smoking,fasting blood glucose (13.09±2.89) mmol/L,2 h postprandial blood glucose (15.88±4.17) mmol/L,broad-spectrum antibiotics (2.31±0.49) weeks,glucocorticoids (2.82±0. 58) week compared with the control group (47.63±12.16) years old,33 cases (52.17%) had a smoking history,fasting blood glucose (10.37±2.48) mmol/L,2 h postprandial blood glucose (11.99±3.36) mmol/L,broad-spectrum antibiotics (1.86±0.41) weeks,glucocorticoid drug use (2). The difference was statistically significant at 21±0.51 weeks (P<0.05). Excluding confounding factors,Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose (OR= 1.952,95%CI:1.019~3.741),2 h postpranpranal blood glucose (OR=2.287,95%CI: 1.046 ~4.999),broad-spectrum antibiotics (OR=358.104,95%CI:2.482 ~51 661.842) and glucocorticoid use (OR=221.420,95%CI:1.651~29 691.790) were risk factors for secondary pulmonary fungal infection. ROC curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids combined to predict secondary pulmonary fungal infection in DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.964. It was higher than that of single detection (Z=4.470,2.864,3.090,2.946,P<0.05).

Conclusion

The incidence of secondary pulmonary fungal infection in DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is high. Fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoid drug are risk factors for secondary pulmonary fungal infection.

表1 两组患者DM 并发肺结核患者临床资料比较
临床资料 观察组(n=27) 对照组(n=46) χ 2 /t P
吸烟史[n(%)] 13(48.15) 33(52.17) 4.063 0.044
饮酒史[n(%)] 10(37.04) 18(39.13) 0.032 0.859
高血压史[n(%)] 21(77.78) 32(69.57) 0.577 0.447
高血脂史[n(%)] 8(29.63) 14(30.43) 0.005 0.942
心脏病史[n(%)] 5(18.52) 11(23.91) 0.289 0.591
糖尿病病程[n(%)] 1.067 0.302
 <10 年 18(66.67) 25(54.35)
 ≥10 年 9(33.33) 21(45.65)
白细胞[109/ L,(xˉ± s )] 10.09±2.08 9.56±2.03 1.060 0.292
中性粒细胞[109 / L,(xˉ± s )] 7.01±1.33 6.65±1.27 1.135 0.260
谷丙转氨酶[mmol/ L,(xˉ± s )] 40.51±3.95 40.36±3.77 0.161 0.872
血肌酐[μmol/ L,(xˉ± s )] 69.58±6.21 67.37±6.57 1.415 0.161
血沉[mm/1 h,(xˉ± s )] 14.36±2.23 13.67±2.15 1.306 0.196
空腹血糖[mmol/ L,(xˉ± s )] 13.09±2.89 10.37±2.48 4.254 0.000
餐后2 h 血糖[mmol/ L,(xˉ± s )] 15.88±4.17 11.99±3.36 4.363 0.000
肺结核病程[n(%)] 1.255 0.263
 <5 年 22(81.48) 32(69.57)
 ≥5 年 5(18.52) 14(30.43)
肺结核病灶范围 [n(%)] 0.804 0.370
 ≤3 个肺野 17(62.96) 24(51.16)
 >3 个肺野 10(37.04) 22(48.84)
广谱抗生素[周,(xˉ± s )] 2.31±0.49 1.86±0.41 4.209 0.000
糖皮质激素应用[周,(xˉ± s )] 2.82±0.58 2.21±0.51 4.688 0.000
图1 DM并发肺结核继发肺部真菌感染典型CT影像
表2 DM 并发肺结核患者继发肺部真菌感染危险因素
表3 ROC 曲线预测预测继发肺部真菌感染结果
图2 DM 并发肺结核继发肺部感染预测列线图。 图A 为预测DM 并发肺结核继发肺部感染列线图;图B 为预测继发肺部真菌感染校正曲线;图C 为预测继发肺部真菌感染决策曲线
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