To investigate the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture in pulmonary lesions in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

According to the examination methods, 84 patients with AIDS and pulmonary lesions were divided into ultrasound group with 39 cases and contrast-enhanced ultrasound group with45 cases. The images of the two groups were analyzed, and the ultrasound characteristics, the success rate of primary sampling, the occurrence of complications and the contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics of benign and malignant lesions were compared. The diagnostic value of agent arrival time (AT), mean transit time (MTT) and pathogen-to-lung time (T_at) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions were analyzed.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture can be used for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in AIDS patients. There were no significant differences in ultrasound characteristics and the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The success rate of primary sampling in contrast-enhanced ultrasound group was significantly higher than that in ultrasound group (P<0.05). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of benign and malignant lesions: There were significant differences in contrast enhancement types, blood flow signal grades of AT, MTT, T_at and Adler (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) values of AT, MTT and T_at for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions alone were 0.817, 0.741 and 0.878, respectively, and the AUC value of combined diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions was 0.926. The value of AUC was significantly higher than that of AT and MTT alone (P<0.05).

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture have clinical application value in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in AIDS patients, which can improve the success rate of one-time sampling, and quantitative parameters can be used to diagnose benign and malignant lesions.