Objective To analyze the disease spectrum and clinical characteristics of 1 316 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

The clinical data of 1316 patients with ILD diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 were collected, and the disease spectrum and clinical characteristics of ILD in this population were analyzed.

In the disease spectrum of ILD cases, 602 cases (45.74%) were connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), including 174 cases (13.22%) of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD). 339 cases (25.76%) were rare diseases. The diagnosis of 60 patients evolved during the follow-up, most of them were IIP patients who gradually developed CTD related symptoms and signs, or IPAF patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD. Among the imaging subtypes of ILD, 604 cases were non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and 414 cases were common interstitial pneumonia (UIP); Chest imaging of CTD-ILD patients mainly showed NSIP, organized pneumonia (OP), NSIP+ OP. In terms of comorbidities, 48 cases were complicated with malignant tumors and 132 cases with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Acute exacerbation occurred in 54 cases (4.10%). Other complications include infection, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, etc.

CTD-ILD accounts for a large proportion in ILD population. The diagnosis of ILD often requires dynamic follow-up, and the occurrence of acute exacerbation, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, infection, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema should be vigilant.