To summarize the clinical symptoms, treatment and prognosis of the patients with post-influenza pneumonia in order to deepen the understanding of post-influenza pneumonia.

A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatment and prognosis of 68 cases of post-influenza A pneumonia and 66 cases of post-influenza B pneumonia in PLA General Hospital in Beijing from November 2017 to March 2018.

Hyperpyrexia, fatigue and dry cough were the most common first symptoms of post-influenza pneumonia. The proportion of the patients with post-influenza B pneumonia suffering from previous diabetes mellitus and bronchiectasis was higher than that of the patients with post-influenza A pneumonia. Post-influenza pneumonia was most likely to be associated with acinetobacter baumannii and aspergillus infection. A statistical analysis of 9 cases (13.2%) of post-influenza A pneumonia and 5 cases (7.6%) of post-influenza B pneumonia involving the left lung found that post-influenza A pneumonia and post-influenza B pneumonia had no statistical significant difference in the area involved. Pleural effusion was found in 9 cases (13.2%) of post-influenza A pneumonia and 10 cases (15.2%) of post-influenza B pneumonia. Flake-like glass shadow was found only in 8 cases (11.8%) of post-influenza A pneumonia and 11 cases (16.6%) of post-influenza B pneumonia. Forty-nine cases (72.0%) of post-influenza A pneumonia and 7 cases (10.2%) of post-influenza B pneumonia were characterized by the existence of flake-like ground glass shadow and real change (χ²=54.278, P<0.01), with statistical significant difference. Seven cases (10.2%) of post-influenza A pneumonia and 11 cases (16.7%) of post-influenza B pneumonia were died. There was no significant difference in the treatment and prognosis of post-influenza A pneumonia and post-influenza B pneumonia (P>0.05).

During the influenza epidemic period, if the symptoms, such as hyperpyrexia, dry cough and fatigue in the elderly, increase the lactate dehydrogenase and pulmonary CT shows diffuse interstitial exudation and consolidation in both lungs, we should be highly alert to the occurrence of post-influenza pneumonia and make early treatment and intervention. The mortality rate of post-influenza B pneumonia is not less than that of post-influenza A pneumonia.