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Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02): 251-255. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.02.009

• Original articles • Previous Articles    

Analysis of programmed death ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer during perioperative period

Xinchao Cao1,(), Yongfeng Ma1, Ping Ma1, Lijun He1, Rongjing Xie1   

  1. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery,Cangzhou People′s Hospital,Cangzhou 061000,China
  • Received:2025-02-27 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-26
  • Contact: Xinchao Cao

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze the expression level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before and after surgical treatment.

Methods

Sixty-seven NSCLC patients treated at our hospital from May 2019 to May 2024 were selected. PD-L1 expression levels in preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative recurrence samples were detected,and tumor proportion scores(TPS) were interpreted. Disease stage,histological type,treatment modalities,and recurrence type were compared between patients with or without changes in PD-L1 expression postoperatively and at recurrence. A line chart was plotted to observe longitudinal changes in PD-L1 expression levels in NSCLC patients.

Results

Among the 67 patients,the median follow-up time was 24 (6,48) months. By the last follow-up,29 survivors,38 patients (56.72%) died,with causes including intracranial hypertension or brain herniation 16 cases(42.11%),pathological fractures or spinal cord compression 6 cases (15.79%),respiratory failure 3 cases(7.89%),local tumor progression 4 cases (10.53%),and distant metastasis 9 cases (23.68%). Postoperative changes in PD-L1 expression occurred in 21 patients (31.34%),including 9 cases (13.43%) with increased PD-L1 expression and 12 cases (17.91%) with decreased PD-L1 expression,while 46 patients (68.66%)showed no change. At recurrence,PD-L1 expression changed in 25 patients (37.31%),with a median time from surgery to recurrence of 14.6 (8.5,20.6) months. Among these,11 cases (16.42%) had increased PDL1 expression and 14 cases (20.90%) had decreased expression,while 42 patients (62.69%) showed no change,with a median time from surgery to recurrence of 14.0 (9.5,22.4) months. Among 35 cases of distant recurrence,23 cases (65.71%) had solitary brain metastases,8 cases (22.86%) had multiple bone metastases,and 4 cases (11.43%) had concurrent pleural metastases. Among 21 local recurrence cases,14 cases (66.67%) showed ipsilateral pleural dissemination,and 7 cases (33.33%) presented with hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The change in PD-L1 score category was significantly higher in distant recurrence cases (48.57%) compared to local recurrence cases (23.81%) (P<0.05). Thirty-eight patients (56.72%)experienced at least one change in PD-L1 score category,13 cases (19.40%) had two changes,and 6 cases(8.96%) exhibited three categories.

Conclusion

The expression level of PD-L1 in tissue samples from NSCLC patients undergoing surgical resection exhibits dynamic changes throughout the disease course.

Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer, Radical surgery of lung cancer, Programmed death ligand 1, Longitudinal changes

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