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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 266 -272. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.02.012

论著

循环肿瘤DNA 预测非小细胞肺癌辅助化疗后复发风险的临床意义
王夏1, 袁高峰1, 卞光利2, 贾会军3, 韩光4, 宋震1, 曹主根1,()   
  1. 1. 223800 宿迁,江苏省人民医院宿迁医院肿瘤科
    2. 223800 宿迁,江苏省人民医院宿迁医院影像科
    3. 223800 宿迁,江苏省人民医院宿迁医院胸心外科
    4. 223800 宿迁,江苏省人民医院宿迁医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通信作者: 曹主根
  • 基金资助:
    江苏苏省卫健委重点项目(K2023070)宿迁市科技计划资助项目(SY202221)

Clinical significance of ctDNA in predicting recurrence risk of non-small cell lung cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy

Xia Wang1, Gaofeng Yuan1, Guangli Bian2, Huijun Jia3, Guang Han4, Zhen Song1, Zhugen Cao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Oncology,Suqian Branch,Jiangsu Province Hospital,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China
    2. Department of Imaging,Suqian Branch,Jiangsu Province Hospital,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China
    3. Cardiothoracic surgery,Suqian Branch,Jiangsu Province Hospital,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China
    4. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Suqian Branch,Jiangsu Province Hospital,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Published:2025-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Zhugen Cao
引用本文:

王夏, 袁高峰, 卞光利, 贾会军, 韩光, 宋震, 曹主根. 循环肿瘤DNA 预测非小细胞肺癌辅助化疗后复发风险的临床意义[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(02): 266-272.

Xia Wang, Gaofeng Yuan, Guangli Bian, Huijun Jia, Guang Han, Zhen Song, Zhugen Cao. Clinical significance of ctDNA in predicting recurrence risk of non-small cell lung cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(02): 266-272.

目的

分析循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)对可切除非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer,NSCLC)辅助化疗后复发风险的预测意义。

方法

选择2020 年1 月至2023 年5 月我院收治的经根治性手术切除并接受辅助化疗NSCLC 患者40 例。 采集血液样本,利用宏基因二代测序对术中肿瘤组织和血浆样本行ctDNA 分析。 记录无复发生存期(RFS),分析ctDNA 与辅助化疗后复发的相关性。

结果

40 例肿瘤组织中至少1 个基因突变,TP53 突变27 例(67.50%)。 30 例(75.0%)术前血浆样本中ctDNA 呈阳性,TP53 基因突变率为66.67%(20/30)。 术后ctDNA 阳性8 例,ctDNA 阴性32 例。 术后ctDNA 阳性与病理TNM 分期有关(P=0.047),ⅠB/Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期患者ctDNA 阳性率分别为10.71%(3/28)和41.67%(5/12)。 COX 回归分析显示,术后ctDNA 阳性(OR=4.028,P=0.048)和辅助化疗后ctDNA 阳性(OR=5.049,P=0.036)是可切除NSCLC 辅助化疗后复发风险的危险因素。 40 例中复发10 例(25.00%),其中纵膈淋巴结6 例、肺1 例、颈部2 例、胸部1 例,培美曲塞+卡铂化疗7 例,紫杉醇+卡铂3 例。 随访期间存活39 例,1 例因右肺门出现新复发征象且伴骨转移,复发后5 个月死亡。8 例ctDNA 阳性患者中N2 期4 例,其中3 例术后纵隔淋巴结复发。 K-M 曲线分析显示,术后ctDNA 阳性者复发率50.0%(4/8)高于术后ctDNA 阴性者18.75%(6/32),中位RFS 分别为103 d 和283 d(log rank χ2=4.576,P=0.032)。 9 例(22.50%)辅助化疗后ctDNA 呈阳性,其中培美曲塞+卡铂7 例,紫杉醇+卡铂2 例。 K-M 曲线分析显示,与辅助化疗ctDNA 阴性者12.90%(4/31)相比,化疗后ctDNA 阳性者复发率高66.67%(6/9),中位RFS 短(287 d vs. 135 d)(log rank χ2=13.049,P<0.001)。 术后和辅助化疗ctDNA 阴性26 例复发率11.54%;术后和辅助化疗ctDNA 阳性3 例复发率100.0%。 辅助化疗后较术前ctDNA 阴转阳6 例复发率50.00%,阳转阴5 例复发率20.00%。

结论

术后和辅助化疗后ctDNA 阳性与NSCLC 患者术后复发高风险有关,ctDNA 可作为NSCLC 术后辅助化疗预后标志物。

Objective

To analyze the significance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting the risk of recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A total of 40 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical surgical resection and received adjuvant chemotherapy were selected from our hospital from January 2020 to May 2023. Blood samples were collected and ctDNA analysis was performed on tumor tissue and plasma samples by macrogene second generation sequencing.Relapse-free survival (RFS) was recorded,and the correlation between ctDNA and relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed.

Results

At least 1 gene mutation was found in 40 cases,TP53 mutation was found in 27 cases (67.50%). ctDNA was positive in 30 patients (75.0%) and TP53 gene mutation rate was 66.67% (20/30). There were 8 ctDNA positive cases and 32 ctDNA negative cases. Positive ctDNA was associated with pathological TNM stage (P=0.047),and the positive rate of ctDNA in stage ⅠB/Ⅱand Ⅲpatients was 10.71% (3/28) and 41.67% (5/12),respectively. COX regression analysis showed that positive ctDNA after surgery (OR=4.028,P=0.048) and positive ctDNA after adjuvant chemotherapy (OR=5.049,P=0.036) were risk factors for recurrence of resectable NSCLC after adjuvant chemotherapy. In the 40 cases,10 cases(25.00%) relapsed,including 6 cases in mediastinal lymph nodes,1 cases in lung,2 cases in neck,1 cases in chest,7 cases in pemetrexed + carboplatin,3 cases in paclitaxel + carboplatin. During the follow-up period,39 patients survived,and 1 patient died after 5 months recurrence due to new signs of the right pulmonary hilum with bone metastasis. Of the 8 cTDNA-positive patients,4 caseshad N2 stage,of which 3 cases had mediastinal lymph node recurrence. K-M curve analysis showed that the recurrence rate of cTDNA-positive patients was 50.0% (4/8) higher than that of cTDNA-negative patients 18.75% (6/32). The median RFS were 103 d and 283 d,respectively (log rank χ2 =4.576,P=0.032). ctDNA was positive in 9 cases(22.50%) after adjuvant chemotherapy,including pemetrexed + carboplatin in 7 cases and paclitaxel +carboplatin in 2 cases. K-M curve analysis showed that compared with 12.90% (4/31) of ctDNA-negative patients after adjuvant chemotherapy,ctDNA-positive patients had a higher recurrence rate 66.67% (6/9) and a shorter median RFS (287 d vs. 135 d) (log rank χ2=13.049,P<0.001). The recurrence rate of 26 cases with negative ctDNA after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was 11.54%. The recurrence rate of 3 patients with ctDNA positive after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was 100.0%. After adjuvant chemotherapy,the recurrence rate of ctDNA negative to positive was 50.00% in 6 cases and 20.00% in 5 cases.

Conclusion

Positive ctDNA after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a higher risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with NSCLC. ctDNA can be used as a prognostic marker of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC.

表1 术后ctDNA 与NSCLC 患者临床特征的关系[n(%)]
表2 NSCLC 患者术后复发影响因素COX 回归分析
表3 NSCLC 患者ctDNA 与复发风险的关系
图1 典型NSCLC 患者影像学资料。 图A、B 为术前CT 显示毛刺征和磨玻璃样结节肿块特征;图C、D 为治疗后复查CT 示肺部无异常;图E、F 为随访6 个月后复查CT 和MRI 显示复发征象
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