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中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 897 -903. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2025.06.008

论著

急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的生物电阻抗断层成像特征及预测研究
沈方龙1, 伍正彬1, 邵世锋1,(), 陈地友2, 肖钦2, 郝志鹏3, 王震1, 赵辉4, 王耀丽1,()   
  1. 1400042 重庆,陆军军医大学大坪医院重症医学科
    2400042 重庆,陆军军医大学大坪医院影像科
    3400042 重庆,陆军军医大学大坪医院胸外科
    4400042 重庆,陆军军医大学大坪医院交通医学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2025-12-25
  • 通信作者: 邵世锋, 王耀丽
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0007); 重庆市卫生健康委医学科研项目(2025WSJK079)

Patterns and predictive value of electrical impedance tomography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Fanglong Shen1, Zhengbin Wu1, Shifeng Shao1,(), Diyou Chen2, Qin Xiao2, Zhipeng Hao3, Zhen Wang1, Hui Zhao4, Yaoli Wang1,()   

  1. 1Intensive Care Unit, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
    2Department of Imaging, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
    3Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
    4Institute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Published:2025-12-25
  • Corresponding author: Shifeng Shao, Yaoli Wang
引用本文:

沈方龙, 伍正彬, 邵世锋, 陈地友, 肖钦, 郝志鹏, 王震, 赵辉, 王耀丽. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的生物电阻抗断层成像特征及预测研究[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(06): 897-903.

Fanglong Shen, Zhengbin Wu, Shifeng Shao, Diyou Chen, Qin Xiao, Zhipeng Hao, Zhen Wang, Hui Zhao, Yaoli Wang. Patterns and predictive value of electrical impedance tomography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 18(06): 897-903.

目的

探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)患者的生物电阻抗断层成像(electrical impedance tomography, EIT)特征,为临床预测提供循证依据。

方法

选取2023年12月至2024年12月我院重症监护病房收治的92例急性肺损伤患者为对象,其中ARDS患者53例,32例接受机械通气;非ARDS患者39例,16例接受机械通气。收集患者临床特点、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、EIT肺通气及血流灌注数据、成像特点与下肺CT评分,分析EIT成像特征及临床预测价值。

结果

ARDS机械通气并使用呼气末正压(positive end-expiratory pressure, PEEP)患者R2区通气比值(28.08±9.83)%较未机械通气者(19.62±11.37)%升高,R3区通气比值(17.61±8.20)%较未机械通气者(26.57±9.61)%降低(P<0.01);腹侧肺(非重力依赖区)通气比(64.27±13.52)%高于背侧肺(35.73±13.52)%(P=0.008)。ARDS患者R2区血流分布(25.93±4.72)%较非ARDS者(28.55±4.78)%降低,左右肺差异显著,右侧肺血流灌注占比(53.27±5.16)%高于非ARDS者(50.15±5.39)%(P=0.006)。下肺CT评分对ARDS预测好,EIT与同水平CT图像具有良好同质性;EIT检测到肺区域通气或灌注异常时,可预警该区域肺叶实变、大量胸腔积液、心脏扩大、肺动脉栓塞等病变。

结论

EIT作为无创、无辐射、低成本的床旁可视化监测工具,有助力临床发现通气及血流分布异常,预警肺部病变与相关并发症,EIT引导PEEP滴定,改善预后、提高生存率、降低病死率。

Objective

To characterize electrical impedance tomography (EIT) findings in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to evaluate its clinical predictive value.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 92 patients with acute lung injury admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled. Participants were categorized into an ARDS group 53 cases, which included 32 patients receiving mechanical ventilation, and a non-ARDS control group 39 cases, which included 16 patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Data on clinical characteristics, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, EIT-derived parameters of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, EIT imaging features, and lower lung field CT scores were collected and analyzed to determine EIT characteristics and their predictive value.

Results

Among mechanically ventilated ARDS patients, the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was associated with a significantly increased ventilation ratio in the non-dependent lung region (R2) (28.08±9.83)% and a decreased ventilation ratio in the dependent lung region (R3) (17.61±8.20) % compared to non-ventilated patients (P<0.01). The ventral (non-gravity-dependent) lung regions demonstrated a significantly higher overall ventilation ratio (64.27±13.52) % compared to the dorsal (gravity-dependent) regions (35.73±13.52) %(P=0.008). Concerning perfusion, ARDS patients showed a reduced perfusion distribution in R2 (25.93±4.72) % compared to non-ARDS patients (28.55±4.78) %. A marked right-left lung perfusion asymmetry was observed, with ARDS patients exhibiting a higher percentage of perfusion in the right lung (53.27±5.16) % versus non-ARDS patients (50.15±5.39) %(P=0.006). Lower lung CT scores demonstrated good predictive value for ARDS. EIT findings showed a high degree of concordance with corresponding CT images. Notably, EIT was capable of detecting significant regional ventilation or perfusion abnormalities, which served as indicators for underlying pathologies such as lobar consolidation, substantial pleural effusion, cardiomegaly, or pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions

Electrical impedance tomography is a valuable, non-invasive, radiation-free, and cost-effective bedside monitoring tool. It facilitates the early detection of aberrant pulmonary ventilation and perfusion distributions, potentially alerting clinicians to impending pulmonary complications and specific pathologies. Furthermore, EIT guidance can optimize clinical management strategies, including PEEP titration, potentially improving patient prognosis and reducing mortality.

图1 EIT操作原理及判读注:将电极带放在胸部第5~6肋间获得电阻抗数据,16个电极中一对电极注入人体无法感知的小电流,其余电极读取胸部内的电压,按顺序交替进行,一个完整周期结束,根据特定的重建算法,电压测量值生成图像。蓝色越浅,区域通气越大,右侧红色图像为血流图像
表1 ICU患者临床资料结果比较
表2 是否正压通气ARDS患者中下肺通气比结果[(%),(±s)]
表3 不同氧合指数ICU患者中下肺血流比结果[(%),(±s)]
表4 ICU患者下肺血流比结果[%,(±s)]
图2 四例患者EIT吸气末通气图与同平面CT图像结果对比注:A为患者右下肺背侧明显实变+积液,通气不良,EIT图像根据ROI3区阻抗变化评估该区通气不良,该区通气仅4%;B为患者左下肺胸腔积液,积液区无通气功能,同水平EIT上对应ROI4区通气为8%;C为患者双侧胸腔均有积液,EIT图像可见ROI3、ROI4区通气下降,为12%、16%;D为扩心病患者,左侧胸腔被扩大的心脏组织占据大量空间,左下肺通气明显受限,EIT图像上ROI2、ROI4通气为2%、3%
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